Primitive Pottery

Primitive technology, pottery - clay - 1/3 - pspb > .

Primitive technology: pottery 2/3 - pspb > .  

Primitive technology: pottery 3/3 - pspb > . 

Medieval Professions - KoHi >> .

Pottery - Primitive ..

Trades

Currier — leather processing specialist. After leather has been tanned process, the currier dresses, finishes and colours the tanned hide to make it strong, flexible and waterproof. The leather is stretched and burnished to produce a uniform thickness and suppleness. Dyeing and other chemical finishes give the leather its desired colour. After currying, the leather is then ready to pass to the fashioning trades such as saddlery, bridlery, shoe-making, and glove-making.

ironmonger
farrier
smith
brazier
locksmith
bladesmith
cutler
spoonmaker
pinner
wiredrawer
lorimer
spurrier
nailer
pewterer
latten maker
bellmaker
furbisher
goldsmith

dyer
walker
weaver
shearman
chaloner
cardmaker
woadman

tanner .
skinner

whittawer
cordwainer
saddler
sheather

tailor
hosiers
capper
glover
purser

draper
mercer
retailer
tranter
chapman

butcher
baker
fishmonger
brewer
maltmaker
salter
spicer
cook
innkeeper

trowman
carrier

masons
carpenter
turner
glazier
painter

wheelwright
hooper
roper
bowyer
fletcher
sieve maker
patten maker
?charcoal burner (askeberner)
barber
millward 

Black, White, Brown, Red - Smiths ..  

Castles - medieval

Guédelon > .

S Guédelon - 25 years to build 13th C castle with period tools - Kirsten > .

Ludlow Castle, Shropshire - mortar & building techniques - HiHi > .

Brochs - Scotland ➧

Castles - medieval ..
Castles - Secrets of the Castle & Château Guédelon ..

Motte & Bailey Castle ..

Guédelon and medieval castles
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CboJzrDhoSk

[Medieval] Castles - Functions & Characteristics (1000-1300) - MHV
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QhzsM2SFoeQ
Medieval Castles - Elements of Fortifications
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IghzU9Dr6VU

Secrets of the Castle - Guédelon documentary, Caerphilly, Conwy, Kenilworth - siege engines - BBC, Battle Castle - archanth
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrYzzr8yja6Fv4glws0Sqf3GBLXL_El8W

Medieval Warfare: Castles of War
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLCpYM0jg1d5OpPWcTwIxVsz6F4JJxWFnr

Harlech Castle, Wales .. 

Torsion siege engine
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torsion_siege_engine
Siege engine
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_engine

What are the tactical advantages of a trebuchet over a catapult, and vice versa?
https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-tactical-advantages-of-a-trebuchet-over-a-catapult-and-vice-versa .

Siege Tower ➧   

Notre Dame Construction

Secrets of the Dead: Building Notre Dame - PBS > .

Building Notre Dame (2020, Doc) - Alex > .

Paris 3D: Through the Ages - Dassault Systèmes > .

Paris au Moyen Age en 3D à vol d'oiseau - Suivez les hirondelles > .

Paris: The Great Saga - How Notre Dame was built > .

Paris au Moyen Age en 3D > .

The History of Notre Dame - What's At Stake - Invicta > .

A look inside the restoration of Notre Dame cathedral > .

Notre-Dame: an exclusive first look at restoration works | FT > .

Notre Dame - Restoration ↠

?  https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=Paris+3D ?

𝕸 Material, Power Resources

Bones, wood ash, urine, rags -- very little went to waste in Medieval Europe.

Bone, Horn:

Bone Tools, Textiles ➧ 

Chitin ..

Needle from Bone ..

Chemical: 
Alchemy, Primitive Medicine ..      

Alchemy to Science .. 

Artillery - Gunpowder in the Middle Ages ..
Black powder -- gunpowder ..
Calligraphy, Ink, Dyes, Ochre, Pigments ..
Dye, Pigments, Ochre ..
Glue & Resin ..
Glue - Medieval ..

Gongfermors & Uses for Excreta ..

Explosive Facts About the Invention of Gunpowder - TopT > .
Lime ..  

Lye ..               

Potash Alum ..            

Quicklime, Lime .. 

Soapmaking ..
Urine - a medieval resource ..
Urine - medieval uses ..

Clay, Chalk:  
Earth Pigments ..
Kilns, Furnaces ..
Oven - cob, earthen ..

Drink:
Mead & Vikings ..  

Water - risks of drinking ..   

Dye, Pigment:

Calligraphy, Ink, Dyes, Ochre, Pigments ..
Dye, Pigments, Ochre ..
Earth Pigments ..

Fabric: 

Cloth Industry - Medieval & Tudor .. 
dogswain & hopharlot ..       

Fiber, Cordage, Spinning ..  

Hop-harlot and dogswain ..      

Knitting, Nålebinding, Sprang ..

Papyrus ..

Parchment .. 

Peg Loom ..

Spinning - Hx, gallery ..
Sprang, Nålebinding ..

Textiles & Tools ➧ 

Fibre: 

Fiber, Cordage, Spinning .. 

Knitting, Nålebinding, Sprang ..
Linden .. 

Papyrus .. 
Rush light to tallow ..   

Textiles & Tools ➧ 

Weaving willow - eal trap, lobster pot, basket ..

Fleece:

Cloth Industry - Medieval & Tudor ..     

Food: 
Cherries, Plums, Blackthorn ..     

Fish Farming ..            

Foraging - Wild Food ..        

Forestry Products:  
Agisters, Verderers, Medieval Forest of Dean, New Forest ..   
Askeburner ..       

Charcoal Burn .. 

Cherries, Plums, Blackthorn ..   
Forest of Dean - ironworking ..         

Linden ..      

Poplars ..          

Rowans and Whitebeams ..      

Weaving willow - eal trap, lobster pot, basket ..
Willows .. 
Wood use - Charcoal ..     

Fuel, Light: 
Askeburner ..     

Charcoal Burn ..   
Oven - cob, earthen ..  

Rush light to tallow ..

Herbalism:     
Alchemy, Primitive Medicine ..
Apothecaries, Barbers, Herbalists, Midwives ..                     

Herbalism, Humours, Illness ..     
Linden ..   
Morphine spread ..           

Service Tree .. 

Leather, Parchment, Skins:

Footwear, Cordwainers, Leather ..  

Leather tanning - Medieval to Edwardian .. 

Parchment .. 

Salmon-skin clothing ..
Tanning ..      

Tanning and Leather ..

Mechanical Power

Thirlage & Watermills - Scotland ..   

Metal:       

Blacksmithing ..     

Early Metal Working ..

Firescale ..     
Forest of Dean - ironworking ..     

Goldsmiths ..       

Iron Industry ..      

Iron furnace ..         

Iron - furnaces, foundries, smithing ..
Kilns, Furnaces ..  

Metal - Bronze, Foundry, Weapons ..
Mining, Smelting, Refining ..  

Metal - Bronze, Foundry, Weapons ..       

Metal & Smithing: Britons, Anglo-Saxons, Vikings ..  

Navigation - lodestone & magnetic compasses .. 
Pewter, Gold, Silver ..
Smelting .. 
Weald Ironworkers ..       

Mineral:     
Cement & Pozzolans ..
Calligraphy, Ink, Dyes, Ochre, Pigments ..
Dye, Pigments, Ochre ..
Earth Pigments ..

Glassmaking ..        

Mining, Smelting, Refining .. 
Oven - cob, earthen ..
Pompēiānī recycled construction materials →

Paper: 
Coucher ..       

Layer ..       

Papermaking - Medieval to Early Modern ..       

Paper Making Process - Medieval ..   

Papyrus ..

Parchment .. 

Vatman ..       

Plant Fibre:

Cloth Industry - Medieval & Tudor ..       

Papyrus .. 

Textiles & Tools ➧ 

Poultry: 

Feather Paintbrush ..       

Feather to Quill Pen ..   

Pigeon - Rock dove ..         

Power - Animal, Water, Wind:   
Tidal Mills, Tidal Bores ..     
Treadwheel winch, crane ..    

Trompe ..       

Water Lifting Machines ..

Water-powered hammer - monjolo .. 

Stone, Mortar:

Cement & Pozzolans ..   
Granite Trough ..    

Guédelon - 13thC-style castle ➧
Lime ..
Quicklime, Lime ..

Timber:

Waste not, Want not

Gongfermors & Uses for Excreta ..

Water:
Water Lifting Machines ..

Water-powered hammer - monjolo .. 

● Medieval & Green Index of Topics .. 

𝕸 Animals, Livestock ..

𝕸 Apparel - Fiber, Fabric, Leather, Basketry .. 

𝕸 Chemicals, Explosives ..

𝕸 Daily Life ..   

𝕸 Drink .. 

𝕸 Economy ..

𝕸 Food & Cooking .. 

𝕸 Forestry, Timber, Woodworking .. 

𝕸 Fuel, Light ..

𝕸 Livestock, Fodder .. 

𝕸 Mechanical Power, Industry .. 

𝕸 Metal, Metalworking ..
𝕸 Peasant Society ..

𝕸 Resources (materials, power) ..         

𝕸 Stone ..

Earth Pigments

Ancient Art: Making earth pigments > . (clay, ochre, lime wash, lapis lazuli)  

Medieval Professions - KoHi >> .  

River Crossings

Importance of river crossings in the olden days - Lindy > .

𝕸 Stone

Brochs - Scotland ➧

Cement & Pozzolans ..

Dissolution & Fountains Abbey ..

Dissolution of the Monasteries ..

Earth Pigments .. 

Granite Trough ..

Guédelon - 13thC-style castle ➧
Lime burning ..
Lime Kiln .. 

Notre Dame Construction .. 
Pompēiānī recycled construction materials → 

River Crossings ..

Quicklime, Lime ..

𝕸 Construction ..

Granite Trough

Plug and feather, also known as plugs and wedges, feather and wedges, wedges and shims and feather and tare refers to a technique and a three-piece tool set used to split stone. Each set consists of a metal wedge (the plug), and two shims (the feathers). The feathers are wide at the bottom, and tapered and curved at the top. When the two feathers are placed on either side of the plug, the combined width of the set is the same at both ends.

Variations of the plug and feather method have been used since ancient Egyptian times. With this simple mechanical technique, the stone was first measured and marked. Bronze plugs and feathers were then driven into grooves which had been previously cut with a chisel and mallet.This was the most common method used by the Egyptians for quarrying limestone and sandstone. Evidence of this method for cutting obelisks in the quarries of Aswan can clearly be seen. The technique was also used by the Romans.

On Dartmoor, Devon, England, the process is known as feather and tare and it was used from around 1800 to split the large blocks of granite found on the ground there. It was, for instance, used to make the rails for the Haytor Granite Tramway in 1820.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plug_and_feather

Lime burning

Lime Kiln playlist contents.

Calculating capacity of kiln in video 1 (based on ratio of 10:3 tons limestone:coal):

Specific gravities:

Limestone, broken 1554 kg/cu.m.

Coal, Bituminous, broken 833 kg/cu.m.

(anthracite would be too expensive for this task)

1 cu m = 35.3147 cu.ft.

Converting from kg to uk tons

1554 kg = 1.52945694 uk tons/35.3147 cu.ft.

833 kg = 0.874959603 uk ton/35.3147 cu.ft.

So,

60 tons of broken limestone fills 1385.4 cu.ft.
15 tons of broken bituminous coal fills 605.4 cu.ft.

At 56% of the weight of limestone (based on the atomic numbers CaCO3 versus CaO), each of the 2 larger kilns would yield 25 tons of quicklime.

(Presumably, the BBC researchers found the figures for the capacity of both kilns at Morwellham Quay.)

Trebuchet versus Palisade

Unleashing a Medieval Trebuchet on a Wooden Palisade - Smit > .

Burgdorf, Germany: Trebuchet–a 12th century giant catapult from Asia that dominated the battlefields of its era–is fired at a wooden palisade.

Bath Abbey Photogrammetry

Bath Abbey Photogrammetry > . 

Bath Abbey Footprint Project: Including Romano-British tessellated floor, a rare Anglo-Saxon charcoal burial and part of an Anglo-Saxon cemetery, a 12th century corbel from the previous medieval cathedral, part of a 14th century tiled floor from the medieval cathedral and a 17th century plaster lion’s head.

Harlech Castle, Wales

Harlech Castle (North Wales) > .

Roman Roads of Britain

Retracing The Roman Roads of Britain | Ancient Tracks > .