Looms - ElQu >> .
Weaving - warp, shuttle, loom, tablet, naal, sprang, trollen - ElQu >> .
Fiber, Cordage, Spinning ..
𝕸 Apparel - Fiber, Fabric, Leather, Basketry ..
Above is an early, vertical loom design.
Above is an early, vertical loom design.
Making a Warp Weighted Loom - SaPo >> .
The horizontal loom appeared in Europe in the 11th century. The first reference to it seems to be in the Talmudic commentaries of Rashi, who lived in Troyes. He indicates that such a loom was being used by professional weavers. By the 12th century it had been mechanized. This loom was probably adapted from a Chinese version already extant. Old looms had been vertical. The new one was horizontal and was operated by foot-treadles. Instead of weaving the heddle bar through the warp threads as had been done on the vertical loom, now the weaver had only to pump his treadles and every other warp thread rose up above the work. He then passed the heddle bar through the opening. On the next pump of the treadles, the other set of warp threads rose.
Along with the new loom came a new boat-shaped shuttle which contained a bobbin wound with thread. The combination allowed very efficient weaving.
Above is a picture of a horizontal loom from about 1250 AD. The perspective is peculiar; the loom is actually parallel to the floor. The weaver works the two pedals to lift alternate pairs of threads. The shuttle with its bobbin can barely be seen in this example. The original illustration is in a manuscript at Trinity College, Cambridge. This copy is taken from Gies & Gies 1995, p 119
The weaver was usually the male head of a household. His wife spun yarn for the loom. [Gies & Gies 1995, p 119]
Above is a 15th century image from a copy of Boccaccio's De Claris Mulieribus. By this time women were also weavers. In addition to the loom (in which the foot pedals can clearly be seen) three other women illustrate other steps in the creation of cloth. The woman at the upper right is using a distaff, a simple device that spins strands of wool into thread. The two women at the bottom right are combing and carding the wool. This removes tangles and aligns the strands so that they can be spun into thread.
As can be seen in both illustrations, the warp threads are rolled around a cylinder of wood at the far end of the loom. They are unrolled as needed. Finished cloth is gathered at the front of the loom. The foot treadles normally raise every other warp thread, but that can be changed by the weaver. The shuttle threads are wound on a bobbin that is attached to the shuttle. The color of these threads can easily be changed to vary the pattern.
http://scholar.chem.nyu.edu/tekpages/loom.html .
Along with the new loom came a new boat-shaped shuttle which contained a bobbin wound with thread. The combination allowed very efficient weaving.
Above is a picture of a horizontal loom from about 1250 AD. The perspective is peculiar; the loom is actually parallel to the floor. The weaver works the two pedals to lift alternate pairs of threads. The shuttle with its bobbin can barely be seen in this example. The original illustration is in a manuscript at Trinity College, Cambridge. This copy is taken from Gies & Gies 1995, p 119
The weaver was usually the male head of a household. His wife spun yarn for the loom. [Gies & Gies 1995, p 119]
Above is a 15th century image from a copy of Boccaccio's De Claris Mulieribus. By this time women were also weavers. In addition to the loom (in which the foot pedals can clearly be seen) three other women illustrate other steps in the creation of cloth. The woman at the upper right is using a distaff, a simple device that spins strands of wool into thread. The two women at the bottom right are combing and carding the wool. This removes tangles and aligns the strands so that they can be spun into thread.
As can be seen in both illustrations, the warp threads are rolled around a cylinder of wood at the far end of the loom. They are unrolled as needed. Finished cloth is gathered at the front of the loom. The foot treadles normally raise every other warp thread, but that can be changed by the weaver. The shuttle threads are wound on a bobbin that is attached to the shuttle. The color of these threads can easily be changed to vary the pattern.
http://scholar.chem.nyu.edu/tekpages/loom.html .
