𝕸 Education, Universities

Calligraphy ..
Cathedrals, Colleges, Universities ..
Chained Library, Hereford Cathedral ..
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Calligraphy

Feather to Quill Pen ..
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Cathedrals, Colleges, Universities


Education in the Middle Ages - Medie > .
Medieval Universities — Peter Jones / Serious Science > .

The Medieval University - In Our Time > .
Cathedrals and Universities - History of Science - CC > .

Michaelmas term is the first academic term ... derives its name from the Feast of St Michael and All Angels, which falls on 29 September. The term runs from September or October to Christmas.

Michaelmas term — 13 Sundays before to 5 Sundays before the feast day of St Hilary
Hilary term is the second academic term of the University of Oxford. It runs from January to March and is so named because the feast day of St Hilary of Poitiers, 14 January, falls during this term.
Hilary term — 1 Sunday to 9 Sundays after the feast day of St Hilary
Trinity term is the third and final term of the academic year at the University of Oxford
Trinity term — 15 Sundays to 21 Sundays after the feast day of St Hilary

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michaelmas_term
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilary_term
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_term

Over time, medieval universities were gradually established as corporations, involving legal recognition of their status, their privileges (for example to grant degrees and regulate academic progress) and their governance.

The process of corporation developed in different ways in different places. Although the origins of the first universities are obscure, three commonly accepted as the oldest are Paris, Oxford and Bologna – all actively were teaching in the 12th century.

In Oxford, the chancellor was given privileges by the king which made him independent of the bishop of Lincoln (in whose diocese Oxford was in the Middle Ages) whose officer he was in theory.
http://theconversation.com/the-medieval-power-struggles-that-helped-forge-todays-universities-54298

The great riot of St. Scholastica's day 1355 lasted for three days.
St. Scholastica's day riot, 1355 ..

Renaissance Education:
https://www.thegreatcoursesdaily.com/education-in-the-renaissance/


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0wDlLwLIFeI

The Medieval University - In Our Time > .
History of Science - CrashCourse

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Chained Library, Hereford Cathedral

The Chained Library > .

Hereford Cathedral offers a unique historical treasure – The Chained Library where 229 Medieval manuscripts including the 8th century Hereford Gospel as well as books from later centuries are preserved, each chained for security to the Library shelves as they were in the 17th century. While such libraries previously existed throughout Europe only the Hereford Chained Library has survived.
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Classical Education

.Classical Education - Great Books - SeSc > .

Daniel Kontowski on trivium and quadrivium, the great books tradition and what are the arguments against classical education.  

'In the great books interpretation of the classical education you read great books because they are important, and they are important because people disagree about their value, but they are talking about the ideas that, according to proponents of great books, are very close to the human nature. All humans are struggling and have been struggling for centuries with certain problems and certain ideas, and we're disagreeing about certain values that those books represented and argued about, and the disagreements between those books are becoming a history of our civilization.'

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Collegial Evolution - First Universities

.Medieval Universities — Peter Jones / Serious Science > .
Academic Freedom in Medieval Universities — Serious Science > .

'The students in Bologna produce constitutions which are fascinating. For example, a professor may not leave town without the student corporation's permission, they have to leave a kind of deposit. Are you going to leave Bologna? Well, then we need a sum of money to make sure that you come back. Professors cannot miss classes, otherwise they'll be fined by the students, so the students really have the power. The students also have the power to hire and fire the professors.'

Historian Peter Jones, University of Tyumen, on the first European universities, different models of the education regulation and the proliferation of universities at the end of the Middle Ages. Full text: http://serious-science.org/medieval-universities-10553.

Education in the Middle Ages: http://serious-science.org/education-... .
​Liberal Arts Education: http://serious-science.org/liberal-ar... .

Collegial Evolution - First Universities ..
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Formal Education in the Middle Ages


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Héloïse and Abelard

From Héloïse and Abelard to medieval brutality

In fact, the entanglement of pain, desire and teaching in the lives of Héloïse and Abelard is deeply medieval. Education fascinated writers of the Middle Ages: what ought to be learned, how learning works, and the difficult emotions that accompany the process. They thought that desire, suffering and fear were a fundamental part of the teacher-student relationship, and not simply because medieval people were barbaric or uncaring towards their young. They understood that corporal punishment could make pupils rebellious, and that teachers could take advantage of their authority to exploit their students’ affection. Still, medieval stories reveal a complex approach to pedagogy, one that censured extremes and abuses of emotion, but – importantly – not the feelings themselves. Dread, love and pain could destroy teaching; in moderate doses, and restricted to the imagination, they could also make it work.
https://aeon.co/essays/medieval-wisdom-about-teachers-behaving-badly .

Medieval Universities — Peter Jones / Serious Science > .


Medieval wisdom about teachers behaving badly | Aeon Essays
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Learning, Work

Did Medieval people go on learning through their adult life? If so, what kind of things did they learn about, who taught them, and how was it done?

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Economic Cycles


As the historian Christopher Dyer wrote, life was good for the upper-crust English around 1300. They drank more wine and spent their spare cash building or refurbishing castles, cathedrals, and monasteries. They didn’t just enjoy a better living standard; they also grew in number. For example, the number of knights and esquires tripled between 1200 and 1300. But disaster struck in 1348, when the Black Death removed the population surplus (and then some). By the 15th century, while the common people were enjoying their own Golden Age, the aristocracy had fallen on hard times. We can infer the severity of their financial straits from the amount of claret imported from France. Only the gentry drank wine, and around 1300, England imported 20,000 tuns or casks of it from France per year. By 1460, this declined to only 5,000. In the mid-15th century, there were simply fewer aristocrats and they were much poorer.
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Scholasticism


Scholasticism

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Scholasticism

Scholasticism:
Scolasticism & Books > .
Medieval Universities — Peter Jones / Serious Science > .
Early & Medieval Church History (from Boethius) - Ryan Reeves
Boethius, Scholasticism, Anselm, Abelard, Bernard of Clairvaux, Duns Scotus, St Thomas Aquinas, William of Ockam, John Wycliffe, Jan Hus, Humanism
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R7AhBEq4Gqs&index=42&list=PLRgREWf4NFWZEd86aVEpQ7B3YxXPhUEf-

The Christian Philosophers - pangeaprogressblog
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bj6QEPVEsYU

The Consolation of Philosophy - A. C. Grayling - pangeaprogressredux
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AIkWTXNyUo4


http://www.philosophybasics.com/movements_scholasticism.html .
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Scholasticism .
http://bartholomew.stanford.edu/scholasticism.html .
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13548a.htm .


Academics & Churchmen ..
Adelard of Bath ..
Alchemy to Science ..
Baconian Science ..
Galileo, Bacon, Descartes ..
Islamic Golden Age ..
Islamic Science ..

'Aristotle and the Medieval University' - lecture > .
Aristotle: Ἀριστοτέλης ..


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Student Life in the Medieval University

.
Student Life in the Medieval Universities — Serious Science > .
Medieval Students | Stuff That I Find Interesting | Jabzy > .
Medieval Universities — Peter Jones / Serious Science > .

Student Life in the Medieval University

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Universities - Medieval

“For even he who is most greedy for knowledge can achieve no greater perfection than to be thoroughly aware of his own ignorance in his particular field. The more be known, the more aware he will be of his ignorance.”

The Medieval University - In Our Time > . 
St. Scholastica's Day Riot > .
Cathedrals and Universities - History of Science - CC > .

Medieval Universities (Lecture 8)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9tvmU6pAvcg

With the loss of the study of ancient Greek in the early medieval Latin West, Aristotle was practically unknown there from c. AD 600 to c. 1100 except through the Latin translation of the Organon made by Boethius. In the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, interest in Aristotle revived and Latin Christians had translations made, both from Arabic translations, such as those by Gerard of Cremona, and from the original Greek, such as those by James of Venice and William of Moerbeke. After the Scholastic Thomas Aquinas wrote his Summa Theologica, working from Moerbeke's translations and calling Aristotle "The Philosopher", the demand for Aristotle's writings grew, and the Greek manuscripts returned to the West, stimulating a revival of Aristotelianism in Europe that continued into the Renaissance. These thinkers blended Aristotelian philosophy with Christianity, bringing the thought of Ancient Greece into the Middle Ages. Scholars such as Boethius, Peter Abelard, and John Buridan worked on Aristotelian logic.

The medieval English poet Chaucer describes his student as being happy by having

at his beddes heed
Twenty bookes, clad in blak or reed,
Of aristotle and his philosophie,

In the Early Modern period, scientists such as William Harvey in England and Galileo Galilei in Italy reacted against the theories of Aristotle and other classical era thinkers like Galen, establishing new theories based to some degree on observation and experiment. Harvey demonstrated the circulation of the blood, establishing that the heart functioned as a pump rather than being the seat of the soul and the controller of the body's heat, as Aristotle thought. Galileo used more doubtful arguments to displace Aristotle's physics, proposing that bodies all fall at the same speed whatever their weight.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle#On_medieval_Europe

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_university
http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/medievalbook/Schoolbooks.htm

T 000 CRS Edu ... Medieval Universities Curricula and Schoolbooks

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Justus_van_Gent .

Medieval Education - sh >> .
Scholasticism ..

Academics & Churchmen ..
Adelard of Bath ..
Alchemy to Science ..
Scolasticism & Books > .
Islamic Golden Age ..
Islamic Science ..

Erik Kwakkel, 'Aristotle and the Medieval University > .
Aristotle: Ἀριστοτέλης ..
Baconian Science ..
Galileo, Bacon, Descartes ..

Scientific Revolution and Ancient Greece - Cole, Symes >> .



The great riot of St. Scholastica's day 1355 lasted for three days.

Over time, medieval universities were gradually established as corporations, involving legal recognition of their status, their privileges (for example to grant degrees and regulate academic progress) and their governance.

The process of corporation developed in different ways in different places. Although the origins of the first universities are obscure, three commonly accepted as the oldest are Paris, Oxford and Bologna – all actively were teaching in the 12th century.

In Oxford, the chancellor was given privileges by the king which made him independent of the bishop of Lincoln (in whose diocese Oxford was in the Middle Ages) whose officer he was in theory.

Oxford terms:
Michaelmas term is the first academic term ... derives its name from the Feast of St Michael and All Angels, which falls on 29 September. The term runs from September or October to Christmas.
Hilary term is the second academic term of the University of Oxford. It runs from January to March and is so named because the feast day of St Hilary of Poitiers, 14 January, falls during this term.
Trinity term is the third and final term of the academic year at the University of Oxford

Michaelmas term — 13 Sundays before to 5 Sundays before the feast day of St Hilary
Hilary term — 1 Sunday to 9 Sundays after the feast day of St Hilary
Trinity term — 15 Sundays to 21 Sundays after the feast day of St Hilary

 Heloise & Abelard - emotion & medieval education .

Medieval Life - Birth, Children, Marriage, Death, Education, Sex - tb >> .

Slow emergence from superstitious ignorance

Natural philosophy or philosophy of nature (from Latin philosophia naturalis) was the philosophical study of nature and the physical universe that was dominant before the development of modern science. It is considered to be the precursor of natural science. / Natural philosophy, as distinguished from metaphysics and mathematics, is traditionally understood to encompass a wide range of subjects which Aristotle included in the physical sciences.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_philosophy
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/natphil-ren/
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-natphil/

https://youtu.be/z3Gt5IOjAuc?t=28m42s > .
The Mystery of Matter: Search for the Elements
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLaLOVNqqD-2FZMjQfGiFGlFWZEhN_qRJK

Natural Philosophy to Science playlist
https://www.youtube.com/user/heterodoxism21/playlists?sort=dd&view=50&shelf_id=11
Apothecaries, barber surgeons, pharmacists, physicians
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-vRsHsClLJ6YjXQTGyBuPKfAQ1xZRpAO

Victorian Pharmacy in Apothecaries, barber surgeons, pharmacists, physicians
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-vRsHsClLJ6YjXQTGyBuPKfAQ1xZRpAO
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University - Medieval




Medieval Universities
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL745-VcJ1xdUYdECQr8AT2qdVIP8Hu7ut

Medieval Universities in playlist
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9tvmU6pAvcg&index=27&list=PLtakTnKQQMCzgnwhkhJrO5NE2mTuE8eN4

The Medieval University - In Our Time
Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the medieval http://universities.In the 11th and 12th centuries a new type of institution started to appear in the major cities of Europe. The first universities were those of Bologna and Paris; within a hundred years similar educational organisations were springing up all over the continent. The first universities based their studies on the liberal arts curriculum, a mix of seven separate disciplines derived from the educational theories of Ancient Greece. The universities provided training for those intending to embark on careers in the Church, the law and education. They provided a new focus for intellectual life in Europe, and exerted a significant influence on society around them. And the university model proved so robust that many of these institutions and their medieval innovations still exist today. 45 min
http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00zf384

http://historylearning.com/medieval-england/medieval-universities-index/medieval-universities/
https://sites.google.com/site/annodomini1064/HomeSweetGnome/home/medieval-universities
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Scholasticism, Natural Philosophy, Universities

επιστήμονες -- Scholasticism, Natural Philosophy, Universities

Medieval Universities — Peter Jones / Serious Science > .


Student Life in the Medieval Universities — Serious Science > .

Aristotle and Scholasticism - Ryan Reeves
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JeA7QPm8f8g&t=11s
Aristotle and Scholasticism

'Aristotle and the Medieval University' - Erik Kwakkel
https://youtu.be/X1gDxHn5QXI?t=6m4s

Medieval Universities
resume watching here
https://youtu.be/X1gDxHn5QXI?t=10m44s

Early & Medieval Church History (from Boethius) - Ryan Reeves
Boethius, Scholasticism, Anselm, Abelard, Bernard of Clairvaux, Duns Scotus, St Thomas Aquinas, William of Ockam, John Wycliffe, Jan Hus, Humanism
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R7AhBEq4Gqs&index=42&list=PLRgREWf4NFWZEd86aVEpQ7B3YxXPhUEf-

The Christian Philosophers - pangeaprogressblog
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bj6QEPVEsYU

The Consolation of Philosophy - A. C. Grayling - pangeaprogressredux
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AIkWTXNyUo4
pangeaprogressredux

Scholasticism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scholasticism
http://www.philosophybasics.com/movements_scholasticism.html
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Scholasticism
http://bartholomew.stanford.edu/scholasticism.html
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13548a.htm
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