https://ccaps.umn.edu/amrls/pharmacology#pre_antibiotic .
https://amrls.umn.edu/antimicrobial-resistance-learning-site/pharmacology#pre_antibiotic .
https://amrls.cvm.msu.edu/pharmacology/historical-perspectives .
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3FX07HzYyqI
First Treatments
Many ancient cultures used molds, soil, and plants to treat bacterial infections. Tetracycline has been found in human skeletal remains in Egypt and the Sudan that are some 1,500 years old; it is speculated that it was present in materials consumed in the diet (Aminov). In ancient Serbia, Greece, and China, moldy bread was pressed against wounds to prevent infection. In Egypt, crusts of moldy wheat bread were applied on pustular scalp infections and “medicinal earth” was dispensed for its curative properties (Keyes). These remedies were believed to influence the spirits or the gods responsible for illness and suffering. Today we know that the occasional efficacy of these early treatments was due to the active metabolites and chemicals present in these concoctions, such as antimicrobial substances produced by the molds on bread.
Patent Medicines and Chemical Weapons
People living before the antibiotic era depended mainly on their immune system to survive infectious disease. However, they often sought a variety of largely untested remedies to treat their illnesses. These concoctions were of highly variable efficacy and safety and sometimes had no connection with the cure or relief from disease conditions. They were nonetheless patented, sold, and utilized by desperate people with no suitable alternatives.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B_M-EHmtF-Q .
History of Science - CrashCourse
https://plus.google.com/118077931144377065433/posts/TP6RuZyhkgM
Anatomy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7y_a_xtxm1U
https://plus.google.com/103755316640704343614/posts/4oodpnkaEHY
Ancient & Medieval Medicine #9
Italy #m4Hed
https://youtu.be/iGiZXQVGpbY?t=3m34s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iGiZXQVGpbY
https://plus.google.com/103755316640704343614/posts/CF1Jy83pkhj
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8dPuuaLjXtNppY8ZHMPDH5TKK2UpU8Ng
In Our Time - playlist
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLCpYM0jg1d5MDqY_jgDMoMFNVEZBqO-Ci
Ancient & Medieval Medicine #9
Italy
https://youtu.be/iGiZXQVGpbY?t=3m34s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iGiZXQVGpbY
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8dPuuaLjXtNppY8ZHMPDH5TKK2UpU8Ng
https://youtu.be/wv0pnNgPc8c?t=10m30s
Alchemy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wv0pnNgPc8c
In Our Time - playlist
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLCpYM0jg1d5MDqY_jgDMoMFNVEZBqO-Ci
Alchemy to Chemistry
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsbXp64YPRQ&list=PL-vRsHsClLJ6F73gzDgBl5Vd7TjGxbBpU&index=5
Natural Philosophy to Science playlist
https://www.youtube.com/user/heterodoxism21/playlists?sort=dd&view=50&shelf_id=11
https://www.heritagedaily.com/2015/08/recreating-alchemical-and-recipes-shows-the-genius-of-ancient-scientists/107966 .
History of Science - CrashCourse
https://plus.google.com/118077931144377065433/posts/TP6RuZyhkgM
Anatomy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7y_a_xtxm1U
https://plus.google.com/103755316640704343614/posts/4oodpnkaEHY
Ancient & Medieval Medicine #9
Italy #m4Hed
https://youtu.be/iGiZXQVGpbY?t=3m34s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iGiZXQVGpbY
https://plus.google.com/103755316640704343614/posts/CF1Jy83pkhj
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8dPuuaLjXtNppY8ZHMPDH5TKK2UpU8Ng
In Our Time - playlist
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLCpYM0jg1d5MDqY_jgDMoMFNVEZBqO-Ci
Ancient & Medieval Medicine #9
Italy
https://youtu.be/iGiZXQVGpbY?t=3m34s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iGiZXQVGpbY
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8dPuuaLjXtNppY8ZHMPDH5TKK2UpU8Ng
https://youtu.be/wv0pnNgPc8c?t=10m30s
Alchemy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wv0pnNgPc8c
In Our Time - playlist
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLCpYM0jg1d5MDqY_jgDMoMFNVEZBqO-Ci
Alchemy to Chemistry
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsbXp64YPRQ&list=PL-vRsHsClLJ6F73gzDgBl5Vd7TjGxbBpU&index=5
Natural Philosophy to Science playlist
https://www.youtube.com/user/heterodoxism21/playlists?sort=dd&view=50&shelf_id=11
https://www.heritagedaily.com/2015/08/recreating-alchemical-and-recipes-shows-the-genius-of-ancient-scientists/107966 .
https://youtu.be/lshAkMhwHu0?t=1m49s
The Story of Alchemy and the Beginnings of Chemistry: Preface & Chapter 1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bumg2gxEAZE
https://youtu.be/bumg2gxEAZE?t=2m54s
6: Alchemy as an experimental art
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=opZnHbsV4kw
7: The language of Alchemy
https://youtu.be/lshAkMhwHu0?t=1m49s
1913
http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/14218
The Story of Alchemy and the Beginnings of Chemistry: Preface & Chapter 1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bumg2gxEAZE
https://youtu.be/bumg2gxEAZE?t=2m54s
6: Alchemy as an experimental art
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=opZnHbsV4kw
7: The language of Alchemy
https://youtu.be/lshAkMhwHu0?t=1m49s
1913
http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/14218