Showing posts with label nobles. Show all posts
Showing posts with label nobles. Show all posts
𝕸 Power Structures
Estates of the Realm ..
Chivalry ..
Church upheavals ..
Church and Crown to Parliament ..
Chivalry ..
Church upheavals ..
Church and Crown to Parliament ..
Coronations ➧
Court - Middle Ages ..
Criticism of Late Medieval Religion ..
Earl Marshall ..
Court - Middle Ages ..
Criticism of Late Medieval Religion ..
Earl Marshall ..
Evolution of English Law ..
‘Good Parliament’ of 1376 ..
Heraldry ..
English heraldry ..
KG - Knights of the Garter ..
Walsingham (Elizabeth I's spymaster) ..
‘Good Parliament’ of 1376 ..
Heraldry ..
English heraldry ..
KG - Knights of the Garter ..
Walsingham (Elizabeth I's spymaster) ..
Educational Systems
Court - Middle Ages
Medieval Court
Medieval Nobility - Historical Presentation - Metatron > .
Medieval Nobility - Historical Presentation - Metatron > .
Edward III: English King Who Started The 100 Years' War - Chronicle > .
Medieval Court
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oPGmK0E2xlI
19 December, 1387: Battle of Radcot Bridge: Henry Bolingbroke, Robert de Vere, 1387
https://youtu.be/Kfcp6yrtV40?t=10m8s
Plantagenets to Richard II
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLtakTnKQQMCzcsWLCkQqdx3XqCwiTzeYj
British History: Kings and Queens (1066 - 2017)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBD45E22BA58C9874
Hundred Years' War
https://plus.google.com/103755316640704343614/posts/9sWTWnjYLwj
David Starkey - Monarchy
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYOaFvSd0bB1JUkf9Q0GW8l8xCyJRooEo
Britain’s Bloodiest Dynasty
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLhMDlPcDRBKS5uCN_8iZgR-boDrpZcwDl
The House of Plantagenet was a royal house which originated from the lands of Anjou in France. The name Plantagenet is used by modern historians to identify four distinct royal houses: the Angevins, who were also Counts of Anjou; the main body of the Plantagenets following the loss of Anjou; and the Plantagenets' two cadet branches, the Houses of Lancaster and York. The family held the English throne from 1154, with the accession of Henry II, until 1485, when Richard III died.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Plantagenet
Plantagenets - Edward I to Richard II
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLtakTnKQQMCzcsWLCkQqdx3XqCwiTzeYj
British History: Kings and Queens (1066 - 2017)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBD45E22BA58C9874
The Edwards
Monarchy [Starkey] looks at the reigns of Edward I through Edward III. Edward I (also known as Edward Longshanks) conquers Wales and provokes Scotland into rebellion. He forces John Balliol to abdicate, but the Scots continue to resist under William Wallace and Robert the Bruce. After Edward's death, his son becomes King Edward II. Edward II is an unpopular king due to his extravagant favoritism in the Court. He leads his armies to defeat against Scotland in the Battle of Bannockburn and is later deposed by his wife Isabella. Edward III is crowned is popular with the people and the nobles. Using the longbow, he has military success against the Scots and begins the 100 Years War against France.
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1021787/plotsummary?ref_=tt_ov_pl
μόνος ἄρχω - monarchy
David Starkey - Monarchy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eaMix9x4HE&list=PLYOaFvSd0bB2p3vzLnJSETk-jypqfhUpY .
Richard II - posts - Mercedes Rochelle
http://www.mercedesrochelle.com/wordpress/?cat=15
Medieval Court
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oPGmK0E2xlI
19 December, 1387: Battle of Radcot Bridge: Henry Bolingbroke, Robert de Vere, 1387
https://youtu.be/Kfcp6yrtV40?t=10m8s
Plantagenets to Richard II
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLtakTnKQQMCzcsWLCkQqdx3XqCwiTzeYj
British History: Kings and Queens (1066 - 2017)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBD45E22BA58C9874
Hundred Years' War
https://plus.google.com/103755316640704343614/posts/9sWTWnjYLwj
David Starkey - Monarchy
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYOaFvSd0bB1JUkf9Q0GW8l8xCyJRooEo
Britain’s Bloodiest Dynasty
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLhMDlPcDRBKS5uCN_8iZgR-boDrpZcwDl
The House of Plantagenet was a royal house which originated from the lands of Anjou in France. The name Plantagenet is used by modern historians to identify four distinct royal houses: the Angevins, who were also Counts of Anjou; the main body of the Plantagenets following the loss of Anjou; and the Plantagenets' two cadet branches, the Houses of Lancaster and York. The family held the English throne from 1154, with the accession of Henry II, until 1485, when Richard III died.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Plantagenet
Plantagenets - Edward I to Richard II
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLtakTnKQQMCzcsWLCkQqdx3XqCwiTzeYj
British History: Kings and Queens (1066 - 2017)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBD45E22BA58C9874
The Edwards
Monarchy [Starkey] looks at the reigns of Edward I through Edward III. Edward I (also known as Edward Longshanks) conquers Wales and provokes Scotland into rebellion. He forces John Balliol to abdicate, but the Scots continue to resist under William Wallace and Robert the Bruce. After Edward's death, his son becomes King Edward II. Edward II is an unpopular king due to his extravagant favoritism in the Court. He leads his armies to defeat against Scotland in the Battle of Bannockburn and is later deposed by his wife Isabella. Edward III is crowned is popular with the people and the nobles. Using the longbow, he has military success against the Scots and begins the 100 Years War against France.
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1021787/plotsummary?ref_=tt_ov_pl
μόνος ἄρχω - monarchy
David Starkey - Monarchy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eaMix9x4HE&list=PLYOaFvSd0bB2p3vzLnJSETk-jypqfhUpY .
Richard II - posts - Mercedes Rochelle
http://www.mercedesrochelle.com/wordpress/?cat=15
Earl Marshall
The office of royal marshal existed in much of Europe, involving managing horses and protecting the monarch. In England, the office became hereditary under John FitzGilbert the Marshal (served c.1130–1165) after The Anarchy, and rose in prominence under his second son, William Marshal, later Earl of Pembroke. He served under several kings, acted as regent, and organised funerals and the regency during Henry III's childhood. After passing through his daughter's husband to the Earls of Norfolk, the post evolved into "Earl Marshal" and the title remained unchanged, even after the earldom of Norfolk became a dukedom.
In the Middle Ages, the Earl Marshal and the Lord High Constable were the officers of the king's horses and stables. When chivalry declined in importance, the constable's post declined and the Earl Marshal became the head of the College of Arms, the body concerned with all matters of genealogy and heraldry. In conjunction with the Lord High Constable, he had held a court, known as the Court of Chivalry, for the administration of justice in accordance with the law of arms, which was concerned with many subjects relating to military matters, such as ransom, booty and soldiers' wages, and including the misuse of armorial bearings.
Depiction by Matthew Paris(d.1259) of the arms of William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke(1194–1219): Party per pale or and vert, overall a lion rampant gules
Arms of "Bigod Modern": Party per pale or and vert, overall a lion rampant gules, adopted by Roger Bigod, 5th Earl of Norfolk (1269–1306), after 1269 following his inheritance of the office of Marshal of England from the Marshal family
In the Middle Ages, the Earl Marshal and the Lord High Constable were the officers of the king's horses and stables. When chivalry declined in importance, the constable's post declined and the Earl Marshal became the head of the College of Arms, the body concerned with all matters of genealogy and heraldry. In conjunction with the Lord High Constable, he had held a court, known as the Court of Chivalry, for the administration of justice in accordance with the law of arms, which was concerned with many subjects relating to military matters, such as ransom, booty and soldiers' wages, and including the misuse of armorial bearings.
Depiction by Matthew Paris(d.1259) of the arms of William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke(1194–1219): Party per pale or and vert, overall a lion rampant gules
Arms of "Bigod Modern": Party per pale or and vert, overall a lion rampant gules, adopted by Roger Bigod, 5th Earl of Norfolk (1269–1306), after 1269 following his inheritance of the office of Marshal of England from the Marshal family
Lords Marshal of England, 1135–1386
Gilbert Marshal ?–1129 (?)
John Marshal 1130–1165 (?)
John Marshal 1165–1194
William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke 1194–1219
William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke 1219–1231
Richard Marshal, 3rd Earl of Pembroke 1231–1234
Gilbert Marshal, 4th Earl of Pembroke 1234–1241
Walter Marshal, 5th Earl of Pembroke 1242–1245
Anselm Marshal, 6th Earl of Pembroke 1245
Roger Bigod, 4th Earl of Norfolk 1245–1269
Roger Bigod, 5th Earl of Norfolk 1269–1306
Robert de Clifford 1307–1308
Nicholas Seagrave 1308–1316
Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk 1316–1338
William Montagu, 1st Earl of Salisbury 1338-1344
Margaret, Duchess of Norfolk 1338–1377
Henry Percy, Lord Percy 1377
John FitzAlan, 1st Baron Arundel, Lord Maltravers 1377–1383 (died 1379)
Thomas Mowbray, 1st Earl of Nottingham 1385–1386
Gilbert Marshal ?–1129 (?)
John Marshal 1130–1165 (?)
John Marshal 1165–1194
William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke 1194–1219
William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke 1219–1231
Richard Marshal, 3rd Earl of Pembroke 1231–1234
Gilbert Marshal, 4th Earl of Pembroke 1234–1241
Walter Marshal, 5th Earl of Pembroke 1242–1245
Anselm Marshal, 6th Earl of Pembroke 1245
Roger Bigod, 4th Earl of Norfolk 1245–1269
Roger Bigod, 5th Earl of Norfolk 1269–1306
Robert de Clifford 1307–1308
Nicholas Seagrave 1308–1316
Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk 1316–1338
William Montagu, 1st Earl of Salisbury 1338-1344
Margaret, Duchess of Norfolk 1338–1377
Henry Percy, Lord Percy 1377
John FitzAlan, 1st Baron Arundel, Lord Maltravers 1377–1383 (died 1379)
Thomas Mowbray, 1st Earl of Nottingham 1385–1386
Heraldry
 |
| Neville-Warwick Arms. |
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What is a Coat of Arms? - Shadiversity > .
The Proud Symbolism of Heraldry - Cornell University Library > .
Divisions of the Shield - Michael Richards > .
Heraldry for beginners (I) - Introduction - The Web Herald > .
How to Blazon a Coat of Arms - Pete Kennedy > .
-----
To properly describe blasons arms, one has to use arcane terminology, codified and refined to a fault by heralds and scholars over the centuries. To make things worse, in English speaking countries the language of heraldry is normally still Norman French, the language habitually spoken at the court of England in the early heraldic age.
Especially after the 14th century the use of armorial bearings was almost never restricted to certain individuals, families, corporations or institutions. Clearly there was a difference between England, where heraldry was most for aristocrats, and Italy, where heraldry was everywhere and pretty much for everyone.
----
Heraldry
The first use of heraldry associated with the English was in the Bayeux Tapestry, recounting the events of the Battle of Hastings in 1066, where both sides used emblems in similar ways.
The first Royal Coat of Arms was created in 1154 under Henry II, the idea of heraldry becoming popular among the knights on the first and second crusades, along with the idea of chivalry. Under Henry III it gained a system of classification and a technical language. However, over the next two centuries the system was abused, leading to the swamping of true coats-of-arms.
For the rest of the medieval period it was popular within the upper classes to have a distinctive family mark for competitions and tournaments, and was popular (although not prevalent) within the lower classes. It found particular use with knights, for practice and in the mêlée of battle, where heraldry was worn on embroidered fabric covering their armour. Indeed, their houses' signs became known as coats-of-arms in this way. They were also worn on shields, where they were known as shields-of-arms. As well as military uses, the main charge was used in the seals of households. These were used to prove the authenticity of documents carried by heralds (messengers) and is the basis of the word heraldry in English. One example of this is the seal of John Mundegumri (1175), which bears a single fleur-de-lys. Prior to the 16th century, there was no regulation on the use of arms in England.
image:
The coat of arms of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick uses almost all typical forms of heraldry in England: The first quarter consists of his father-in-law, Richard Beauchamp, who bore with an escutcheon of De Clare quartering Despenser, now shown in Neville's fourth quarter. The second quarter shows the arms of the Montacutes (Montagu). The third quarter shows the arms of Neville differenced by a label for Lancaster.
Richard Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick .
De Clare .
Isabel le Despenser, Countess of Worcester .
Thomas Montagu, 4th Earl of Salisbury .
House of Neville ..
https://plus.google.com/+SuttonHoo/posts/BtksziWpiBG
Earl of Warwick ..
Gallo-British heraldry
The use of cadency marks to difference arms within the same family and the use of semy fields are distinctive features of Gallo-British heraldry (in Scotland the most significant mark of cadency being the bordure, the small brisures playing a very minor role). It is common to see heraldic furs used. In the United Kingdom, the style is notably still controlled by royal officers of arms. French heraldry experienced a period of strict rules of construction under Napoleon. English and Scots heraldries make greater use of supporters than other European countries.
Furs, chevrons and five-pointed stars are more frequent in France and Britain than elsewhere.
Portal Heraldry.
Tincture.
Thomas Montagu, 4th Earl of Salisbury .
House of Neville ..
https://plus.google.com/+SuttonHoo/posts/BtksziWpiBG
Earl of Warwick ..
Gallo-British heraldry
The use of cadency marks to difference arms within the same family and the use of semy fields are distinctive features of Gallo-British heraldry (in Scotland the most significant mark of cadency being the bordure, the small brisures playing a very minor role). It is common to see heraldic furs used. In the United Kingdom, the style is notably still controlled by royal officers of arms. French heraldry experienced a period of strict rules of construction under Napoleon. English and Scots heraldries make greater use of supporters than other European countries.
Furs, chevrons and five-pointed stars are more frequent in France and Britain than elsewhere.
Portal Heraldry.
Tincture.
English heraldry
.
History of Heraldry; Officers of Arms [Medieval Professions: Herald] - Kobean > .Proud Symbolism of Heraldry: Why It Matters - Cornell > .
Medieval Professions - Kobean History >> .
English heraldry is the form of coats of arms and other heraldic bearings and insignia used in England. It lies within the so-called Gallo-British tradition.
To properly describe blasons arms, one has to use arcane terminology, codified and refined to a fault by heralds and scholars over the centuries. To make things worse, in English speaking countries the language of heraldry is normally still Norman French, the language habitually spoken at the court of England in the early heraldic age.
Especially after the 14th century the use of armorial bearings was almost never restricted to certain individuals, families, corporations or institutions. Clearly there was a difference between England, where heraldry was most for aristocrats, and Italy, where heraldry was everywhere and pretty much for everyone.
http://www.medievalists.net/2015/10/16/the-proud-symbolism-of-heraldry-why-it-matters-why-it-is-fun/
Heraldry
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heraldry
The first use of heraldry associated with the English was in the Bayeux Tapestry, recounting the events of the Battle of Hastings in 1066, where both sides used emblems in similar ways.
The first Royal Coat of Arms was created in 1154 under Henry II, the idea of heraldry becoming popular among the knights on the first and second crusades, along with the idea of chivalry. Under Henry III it gained a system of classification and a technical language. However, over the next two centuries the system was abused, leading to the swamping of true coats-of-arms.
For the rest of the medieval period it was popular within the upper classes to have a distinctive family mark for competitions and tournaments, and was popular (although not prevalent) within the lower classes. It found particular use with knights, for practice and in the mêlée of battle, where heraldry was worn on embroidered fabric covering their armour. Indeed, their houses' signs became known as coats-of-arms in this way. They were also worn on shields, where they were known as shields-of-arms. As well as military uses, the main charge was used in the seals of households. These were used to prove the authenticity of documents carried by heralds (messengers) and is the basis of the word heraldry in English. One example of this is the seal of John Mundegumri (1175), which bears a single fleur-de-lys. Prior to the 16th century, there was no regulation on the use of arms in England.
image:
The coat of arms of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick uses almost all typical forms of heraldry in England: The first quarter consists of his father-in-law, Richard Beauchamp, who bore with an escutcheon of De Clare quartering Despenser, now shown in Neville's fourth quarter. The second quarter shows the arms of the Montacutes (Montagu). The third quarter shows the arms of Neville differenced by a label for Lancaster.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_heraldry
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Neville,_16th_Earl_of_Warwick
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Beauchamp,_13th_Earl_of_Warwick
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Clare
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel_le_Despenser,_Countess_of_Worcester
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Montagu,_4th_Earl_of_Salisbury
Earl of Warwick
Gallo-British heraldry
The use of cadency marks to difference arms within the same family and the use of semy fields are distinctive features of Gallo-British heraldry (in Scotland the most significant mark of cadency being the bordure, the small brisures playing a very minor role). It is common to see heraldic furs used. In the United Kingdom, the style is notably still controlled by royal officers of arms. French heraldry experienced a period of strict rules of construction under Napoleon. English and Scots heraldries make greater use of supporters than other European countries.
Furs, chevrons and five-pointed stars are more frequent in France and Britain than elsewhere.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heraldry#Gallo-British_heraldry
Portal Heraldry
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Heraldry
Tincture
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tincture_(heraldry) .
.
What is a Coat of Arms? - Shadiversity
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aiJCqjvVpec
The Proud Symbolism of Heraldry - Cornell University Library
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=njK2eS-eg24
Divisions of the Shield - Michael Richards
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I8YrdU3hs2Q
Heraldry for beginners (I) - Introduction - The Web Herald
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hVz7jN2y1NU
How to Blazon a Coat of Arms - Pete Kennedy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YZg1DtJcL3w
.
To properly describe blasons arms, one has to use arcane terminology, codified and refined to a fault by heralds and scholars over the centuries. To make things worse, in English speaking countries the language of heraldry is normally still Norman French, the language habitually spoken at the court of England in the early heraldic age.
Especially after the 14th century the use of armorial bearings was almost never restricted to certain individuals, families, corporations or institutions. Clearly there was a difference between England, where heraldry was most for aristocrats, and Italy, where heraldry was everywhere and pretty much for everyone.
http://www.medievalists.net/2015/10/16/the-proud-symbolism-of-heraldry-why-it-matters-why-it-is-fun/
Heraldry
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heraldry
The first use of heraldry associated with the English was in the Bayeux Tapestry, recounting the events of the Battle of Hastings in 1066, where both sides used emblems in similar ways.
The first Royal Coat of Arms was created in 1154 under Henry II, the idea of heraldry becoming popular among the knights on the first and second crusades, along with the idea of chivalry. Under Henry III it gained a system of classification and a technical language. However, over the next two centuries the system was abused, leading to the swamping of true coats-of-arms.
For the rest of the medieval period it was popular within the upper classes to have a distinctive family mark for competitions and tournaments, and was popular (although not prevalent) within the lower classes. It found particular use with knights, for practice and in the mêlée of battle, where heraldry was worn on embroidered fabric covering their armour. Indeed, their houses' signs became known as coats-of-arms in this way. They were also worn on shields, where they were known as shields-of-arms. As well as military uses, the main charge was used in the seals of households. These were used to prove the authenticity of documents carried by heralds (messengers) and is the basis of the word heraldry in English. One example of this is the seal of John Mundegumri (1175), which bears a single fleur-de-lys. Prior to the 16th century, there was no regulation on the use of arms in England.
image:
The coat of arms of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick uses almost all typical forms of heraldry in England: The first quarter consists of his father-in-law, Richard Beauchamp, who bore with an escutcheon of De Clare quartering Despenser, now shown in Neville's fourth quarter. The second quarter shows the arms of the Montacutes (Montagu). The third quarter shows the arms of Neville differenced by a label for Lancaster.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_heraldry
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Neville,_16th_Earl_of_Warwick
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Beauchamp,_13th_Earl_of_Warwick
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Clare
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel_le_Despenser,_Countess_of_Worcester
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Montagu,_4th_Earl_of_Salisbury
House of Neville
https://mittelzeit.blogspot.com/2018/11/neville.html
https://mittelzeit.blogspot.com/2018/11/neville.html
Earl of Warwick
Gallo-British heraldry
The use of cadency marks to difference arms within the same family and the use of semy fields are distinctive features of Gallo-British heraldry (in Scotland the most significant mark of cadency being the bordure, the small brisures playing a very minor role). It is common to see heraldic furs used. In the United Kingdom, the style is notably still controlled by royal officers of arms. French heraldry experienced a period of strict rules of construction under Napoleon. English and Scots heraldries make greater use of supporters than other European countries.
Furs, chevrons and five-pointed stars are more frequent in France and Britain than elsewhere.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heraldry#Gallo-British_heraldry
Portal Heraldry
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Heraldry
Tincture
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tincture_(heraldry) .
What is a Coat of Arms? - Shadiversity
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aiJCqjvVpec
The Proud Symbolism of Heraldry - Cornell University Library
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=njK2eS-eg24
Divisions of the Shield - Michael Richards
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I8YrdU3hs2Q
Heraldry for beginners (I) - Introduction - The Web Herald
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hVz7jN2y1NU
How to Blazon a Coat of Arms - Pete Kennedy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YZg1DtJcL3w
.
KG - Knights of the Garter
King Edward III founded the Order of the Garter around the time of his claim to the French throne. The traditional year of foundation is usually given as 1348 (when it was formally proclaimed). However, the Complete Peerage, under "The Founders of the Order of the Garter", states the order was first instituted on 23 April 1344, listing each founding member as knighted in 1344. The list includes Sir Sanchet D'Abrichecourt, who died on 20 October 1345. Other dates from 1344 to 1351 have also been proposed. The King's wardrobe account shows Garter habits first issued in the autumn of 1348. Also, its original statutes required that each member of the Order already be a knight (what would now be referred to as a knight bachelor) and some of the initial members listed were only knighted that year. The foundation is likely to have been inspired by the Spanish Order of the Band, established in about 1330.
April 23, 1348: Order of the Garter > .
List of Founder Knights
At the time of its foundation, the Order consisted of King Edward III, together with 25 Founder Knights, listed in ascending order of stall number in St George's Chapel:[7]
King Edward III (1312–77)
Edward, the Black Prince, Prince of Wales (1330–76)
Henry of Grosmont, Earl of Lancaster (c. 1310–61)
Thomas de Beauchamp, 11th Earl of Warwick (d. 1369)
Jean III de Grailly, Captal de Buch (d. 1377)
Ralph de Stafford, 1st Earl of Stafford (1301–72)
William de Montacute, 2nd Earl of Salisbury (1328–97)
Roger Mortimer, 2nd Earl of March (1328–60)
John de Lisle, 2nd Baron Lisle (1318–56)
Bartholomew de Burghersh, 2nd Baron Burghersh (d. 1369)
John de Beauchamp, 1st Baron Beauchamp (d. 1360)
John de Mohun, 2nd Baron Mohun (c. 1320–76)
Sir Hugh de Courtenay (d. 1349)
Thomas Holland, 1st Earl of Kent (1314–1360)
John de Grey, 1st Baron Grey de Rotherfield (c. 1300–59)
Sir Richard Fitz-Simon (b. 1295)
Sir Miles Stapleton (d. 1364)
Sir Thomas Wale (d. 1352)
Sir Hugh Wrottesley (d. 1381)
Sir Nele Loring (d. 1386)
Sir John Chandos (d. 1369)
Sir James Audley (d. 1369)
Sir Otho Holand (d. 1359)
Sir Henry Eam (d. before 1360)
Sir Sanchet D'Abrichecourt (d. 1345)[3]
Sir Walter Paveley (d. 1375)
They are all depicted in individual portraits in the Bruges Garter Book made c. 1431, and now in the British Library.
The Bruges Garter Book is a 15th-century illuminated manuscript containing portraits of the founder knights of the Order of the Garter. It was made to the order of William Bruges (c. 1375-1450), Garter King of Arms, and constitutes the first armorial covering members of the Order.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruges_Garter_Book
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peerage_of_England
Thomas de Beauchamp, 11th Earl of Warwick, KG (c. 14 February 1313 – 13 November 1369) was an English nobleman and military commander during the Hundred Years' War. In 1348 he became one of the founders and the third Knight of the Order of the Garter.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_de_Beauchamp,_11th_Earl_of_Warwick
After Bolingbroke deposed Richard and became king as Henry IV, Beauchamp was restored to his titles and estates. He was one of those who urged the new King to murder Richard, and accompanied King Henry against the rebellion of 1400.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_de_Beauchamp,_12th_Earl_of_Warwick
English Nobility in the Late Middle Ages
By the second half of the fourteenth century the English peerage, those sixty to seventy lords each of whom was entitled to an individual summons to parliament, had emerged as a distinct and privileged group at the top of English lay society. Their social and political pre-eminence stemmed firstly from their role as the chief military commanders and advisers of the king, and secondly from the lordship of land and men which they exercised in their localities*—or, as they sometimes described them, their ‘countries’. In a sense, *England was a federation of lordly spheres of influence. It was largely for their local authority that the king valued his peers. It was for the same local authority that the gentry, without whose consent and co-operation it could hardly be exercised, valued them.
A picture of England as a jigsaw of lordly spheres of influence is, however, prone to oversimplification, and it is advisable to begin with some caveats. What the peers enjoyed in their ‘countries’ was leadership and influence, it was not ‘control’. Dependent as it was on the consent of both the king and the local gentry, it could never be that. Nor were their spheres of influence clearly demarcated. Sometimes peers were entrusted with specific rights within quite clearly defined areas (a county, for example), but for the most part lordship was not so much a consolidated territorial power-block as a bundle of rights and a series of connections, overlapping and intermingling with a number of other sources of authority. Moreover, there was nothing immutable about them. They were continually expanding and contracting, and frequently changing hands. Local leadership was a question of degree, of individual ability, often of luck.
https://www.questia.com/library/103476203/the-english-nobility-in-the-late-middle-ages-the .
List of Founder Knights
At the time of its foundation, the Order consisted of King Edward III, together with 25 Founder Knights, listed in ascending order of stall number in St George's Chapel:[7]
King Edward III (1312–77)
Edward, the Black Prince, Prince of Wales (1330–76)
Henry of Grosmont, Earl of Lancaster (c. 1310–61)
Thomas de Beauchamp, 11th Earl of Warwick (d. 1369)
Jean III de Grailly, Captal de Buch (d. 1377)
Ralph de Stafford, 1st Earl of Stafford (1301–72)
William de Montacute, 2nd Earl of Salisbury (1328–97)
Roger Mortimer, 2nd Earl of March (1328–60)
John de Lisle, 2nd Baron Lisle (1318–56)
Bartholomew de Burghersh, 2nd Baron Burghersh (d. 1369)
John de Beauchamp, 1st Baron Beauchamp (d. 1360)
John de Mohun, 2nd Baron Mohun (c. 1320–76)
Sir Hugh de Courtenay (d. 1349)
Thomas Holland, 1st Earl of Kent (1314–1360)
John de Grey, 1st Baron Grey de Rotherfield (c. 1300–59)
Sir Richard Fitz-Simon (b. 1295)
Sir Miles Stapleton (d. 1364)
Sir Thomas Wale (d. 1352)
Sir Hugh Wrottesley (d. 1381)
Sir Nele Loring (d. 1386)
Sir John Chandos (d. 1369)
Sir James Audley (d. 1369)
Sir Otho Holand (d. 1359)
Sir Henry Eam (d. before 1360)
Sir Sanchet D'Abrichecourt (d. 1345)[3]
Sir Walter Paveley (d. 1375)
They are all depicted in individual portraits in the Bruges Garter Book made c. 1431, and now in the British Library.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruges_Garter_Book
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peerage_of_England
Thomas de Beauchamp, 11th Earl of Warwick, KG (c. 14 February 1313 – 13 November 1369) was an English nobleman and military commander during the Hundred Years' War. In 1348 he became one of the founders and the third Knight of the Order of the Garter.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_de_Beauchamp,_11th_Earl_of_Warwick
Thomas de Beauchamp, 12th Earl of Warwick, KG (16 March 1338 – 8 April 1401) was an English medieval nobleman of French descent, and one of the primary opponents of Richard II.
After Bolingbroke deposed Richard and became king as Henry IV, Beauchamp was restored to his titles and estates. He was one of those who urged the new King to murder Richard, and accompanied King Henry against the rebellion of 1400.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_de_Beauchamp,_12th_Earl_of_Warwick
English Nobility in the Late Middle Ages
By the second half of the fourteenth century the English peerage, those sixty to seventy lords each of whom was entitled to an individual summons to parliament, had emerged as a distinct and privileged group at the top of English lay society. Their social and political pre-eminence stemmed firstly from their role as the chief military commanders and advisers of the king, and secondly from the lordship of land and men which they exercised in their localities*—or, as they sometimes described them, their ‘countries’. In a sense, *England was a federation of lordly spheres of influence. It was largely for their local authority that the king valued his peers. It was for the same local authority that the gentry, without whose consent and co-operation it could hardly be exercised, valued them.
A picture of England as a jigsaw of lordly spheres of influence is, however, prone to oversimplification, and it is advisable to begin with some caveats. What the peers enjoyed in their ‘countries’ was leadership and influence, it was not ‘control’. Dependent as it was on the consent of both the king and the local gentry, it could never be that. Nor were their spheres of influence clearly demarcated. Sometimes peers were entrusted with specific rights within quite clearly defined areas (a county, for example), but for the most part lordship was not so much a consolidated territorial power-block as a bundle of rights and a series of connections, overlapping and intermingling with a number of other sources of authority. Moreover, there was nothing immutable about them. They were continually expanding and contracting, and frequently changing hands. Local leadership was a question of degree, of individual ability, often of luck.
https://www.questia.com/library/103476203/the-english-nobility-in-the-late-middle-ages-the .
The Stowe Armorial coat of arms is the centrepiece of the Gothic Library at Stowe. ... The armorial is a 1.4m diameter heraldic painting of the 719 quarterings of the Temple, Nugent, Brydges, Chandos and Grenville families, including ten variations of the English Royal arms, the arms of Spencer, De Clare, Valence, Mowbray, Mortimer and De Grey.
𝕸 Nobles - monarch to gentry
Monarchs
Edward III ..
Henry II ..
Richard II and Plantagenets ..
Richard III ..
Baron le Despencer ..
Duke of Gloucester ..
Duke of Norfolk ..
Gloucester - Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester ..
Sir Thomas Mortimer ..Richard III ..
Beyond Kingdoms
Courtiers
Peerage
Thomas de Beauchamp, 12th Earl of Warwick ..Baron le Despencer ..
Duke of Gloucester ..
Duke of Norfolk ..
Gloucester - Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester ..
Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk ..
Neville ..
Michael de la Pole, 1st Earl of Suffolk ..Richard le Scrope, 1st Baron Scrope of Bolton ..
Robert de Vere, 9th Earl of Oxford ..
Walsingham (Elizabeth I's spymaster) ..
Wessex 519-927 CE - Kings, Vikings, Collapse ⇁
Westminster Palace - History ..
Edward of Woodstock, Duke of Cornwall ..
Barons Zouche ..
Related
Daily Life ..
Edward of Woodstock, Duke of Cornwall ..
Barons Zouche ..
Related
Daily Life ..
Chivalry ..
Educational Systems
Treaties
Treaty of Windsor (England & Portugal), 1386-5-9 ..
Cathedrals, Colleges, Universities ..
French
Bertrand du Guesclin (French) ..
Bertrand du Guesclin (French) ..
Franks ..
Parliament
Spain
Warfare, Training
Richard II and Plantagenets
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The House of Plantagenet was a royal house which originated from the lands of Anjou in France. The family held the English throne from 1154 (with the accession of Henry II at the end of the Anarchy) to 1485, when Richard III died in battle.
Under the Plantagenets, England was transformed. The Plantagenet kings were often forced to negotiate compromises such as Magna Carta, which had served to constrain their royal power in return for financial and military support. The king was no longer considered an absolute monarch in the nation—holding the prerogatives of judgement, feudal tribute, and warfare—but now also had defined duties to the kingdom, underpinned by a sophisticated justice system. A distinct national identity was shaped by their conflict with the French, Scots, Welsh and Irish, as well as by the establishment of the English language as the primary language.
In the 15th century, the Plantagenets were defeated in the Hundred Years' War and beset with social, political and economic problems. Popular revolts were common-place, triggered by the denial of numerous freedoms. English nobles raised private armies, engaged in private feuds and openly defied Henry VI.
The rivalry between the House of Plantagenet's two cadet branches of York and Lancaster brought about the Wars of the Roses, a decades-long fight for the English succession, culminating in the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485, when the reign of the Plantagenets and the English Middle Ages both met their end with the death of King Richard III. Henry VII of illegitimate Lancastrian descent became king of England; five months later, he married Elizabeth of York, thus giving rise to the Tudor dynasty. The Tudors worked to centralise English royal power, which allowed them to avoid some of the problems that had plagued the last Plantagenet rulers. The resulting stability allowed for the English Renaissance and the advent of early modern Britain.
Under the Plantagenets, England was transformed. The Plantagenet kings were often forced to negotiate compromises such as Magna Carta, which had served to constrain their royal power in return for financial and military support. The king was no longer considered an absolute monarch in the nation—holding the prerogatives of judgement, feudal tribute, and warfare—but now also had defined duties to the kingdom, underpinned by a sophisticated justice system. A distinct national identity was shaped by their conflict with the French, Scots, Welsh and Irish, as well as by the establishment of the English language as the primary language.
In the 15th century, the Plantagenets were defeated in the Hundred Years' War and beset with social, political and economic problems. Popular revolts were common-place, triggered by the denial of numerous freedoms. English nobles raised private armies, engaged in private feuds and openly defied Henry VI.
The rivalry between the House of Plantagenet's two cadet branches of York and Lancaster brought about the Wars of the Roses, a decades-long fight for the English succession, culminating in the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485, when the reign of the Plantagenets and the English Middle Ages both met their end with the death of King Richard III. Henry VII of illegitimate Lancastrian descent became king of England; five months later, he married Elizabeth of York, thus giving rise to the Tudor dynasty. The Tudors worked to centralise English royal power, which allowed them to avoid some of the problems that had plagued the last Plantagenet rulers. The resulting stability allowed for the English Renaissance and the advent of early modern Britain.
Richard II (6 January 1367 – c. 14 February 1400), , also known as Richard of Bordeaux, was King of England from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399. He was the son of Edward, Prince of Wales (known to posterity as the Black Prince), and Joan, Countess of Kent. Richard's father died in 1376, leaving Richard as heir apparent to his grandfather, King Edward III; upon the latter's death, the 10-year-old Richard succeeded to the throne.
During Richard's first years as king, government was in the hands of a series of regency councils, influenced by Richard's uncles John of Gaunt and Thomas of Woodstock. England then faced various problems, most notably the Hundred Years' War. A major challenge of the reign was the Peasants' Revolt in 1381, and the young king played a central part in the successful suppression of this crisis. Less warlike than either his father or grandfather, he sought to bring an end to the Hundred Years' War. A firm believer in the royal prerogative, Richard restrained the power of the aristocracy and relied on a private retinue for military protection instead. In contrast to his grandfather, Richard cultivated a refined atmosphere centred on art and culture at court, in which the king was an elevated figure.
The king's dependence on a small number of courtiers caused discontent among the influential, and in 1387 control of government was taken over by a group of aristocrats known as the Lords Appellant. By 1389 Richard had regained control, and for the next eight years governed in relative harmony with his former opponents. In 1397, he took his revenge on the Appellants, many of whom were executed or exiled. The next two years have been described by historians as Richard's "tyranny". In 1399, after John of Gaunt died, the king disinherited Gaunt's son, Henry Bolingbroke, who had previously been exiled. Henry invaded England in June 1399 with a small force that quickly grew in numbers. Meeting little resistance, he deposed Richard and had himself crowned king. Richard is thought to have been starved to death in captivity, although questions remain regarding his final fate.
Richard's posthumous reputation has been shaped to a large extent by William Shakespeare, whose play Richard II portrayed Richard's misrule and his deposition as responsible for the 15th-century Wars of the Roses. Modern historians do not accept this interpretation, while not exonerating Richard from responsibility for his own deposition. While probably not insane, as many historians of the 19th and 20th centuries believed, he may have had a personality disorder, particularly manifesting itself towards the end of his reign. Most authorities agree that his policies were not unrealistic or even entirely unprecedented, but that the way in which he carried them out was unacceptable to the political establishment, leading to his downfall.
Richard II - 1377-1399 - crises
1381 - Peasants' Revolt, Wat Tyler's Rebellion, Great Rising
Lords Appellant
1386 - Wonderful Parliament
1387 - Battle of Radcot Bridge
1388 - Merciless Parliament
Richard was the younger brother of Edward of Angoulême, upon whose death Richard, at three years of age, became second in line to the throne after his father. Upon the death of Richard's father prior to the death of Edward III, Richard, by primogeniture, became the heir apparent to the throne. With Edward III's death the following year, Richard succeeded to the throne at the age of ten.
During Richard's first years as king, government was in the hands of a series of councils. Most of the aristocracy preferred this to a regency led by the king's uncle, John of Gaunt, yet Gaunt remained highly influential. At the onset of Richard's accession, and then for much of his reign, England faced various problems, which included the ongoing war against France (which was not going well for the English), border conflicts with Scotland, and economic difficulties related to the Black Death. A major challenge of the reign was the Peasants' Revolt in 1381, and the young king played a major part in the successful suppression of this crisis. In the following years, however, the king's dependence on a small number of courtiers caused discontent among the influential, and in 1387 control of government was taken over by a group of aristocrats known as the Lords Appellant. By 1389 Richard had regained control, and for the next eight years governed in relative harmony with his former opponents.
In 1397, Richard took his revenge on the appellants, many of whom were executed or exiled. The next two years have been described by historians as Richard's "tyranny". In 1399, after John of Gaunt died, the king disinherited Gaunt's son, Henry of Bolingbroke, who had previously been exiled. Henry invaded England in June 1399 with a small force that quickly grew in numbers. Although he initially claimed that his goal was only to reclaim his patrimony, it soon became clear that Henry intended to claim the throne for himself. Meeting little resistance, Bolingbroke deposed Richard and had himself crowned as King Henry IV. Richard died in captivity in February 1400; he is thought to have been starved to death, although questions remain regarding his final fate.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_II_of_England .
Plantagenets - Edward I to Richard II - Tony Blake
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLtakTnKQQMCzcsWLCkQqdx3XqCwiTzeYj
British Monarchy - Plantagenets
https://youtu.be/ilalzTsVp_Q?t=4m45s
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen,_King_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_II_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_the_Young_King
Plantagenets - Edward I to Richard II - Tony Blake
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLtakTnKQQMCzcsWLCkQqdx3XqCwiTzeYj
British Monarchy - Plantagenets
https://youtu.be/ilalzTsVp_Q?t=4m45s
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen,_King_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_II_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_the_Young_King
Henry the Young King Blog
http://henrytheyoungking.blogspot.ca/2015/05/because-of-impeding-sins-of-son-henry.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_I_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John,_King_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_III_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_I_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_II_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_III_of_England
http://henrytheyoungking.blogspot.ca/2015/05/because-of-impeding-sins-of-son-henry.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_I_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John,_King_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_III_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_I_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_II_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_III_of_England
Edward of Woodstock - Black Prince
Richard II, Richard of Bordeaux
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_II_of_England
House of Lancaster
House of York
Lancaster Castle, Duchy of Lancaster, Plantagenets
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6TlxI7tKOsM
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_monarchs
1381: Peasant Revolt of 1381 .. (The Great Uprising)
1387:
November: The Lords Appellant ..
December: Battle of Radcot Bridge ..
A Hundred Years of War ..
History topic ...
Richard II, Richard of Bordeaux
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_II_of_England
House of Lancaster
House of York
Lancaster Castle, Duchy of Lancaster, Plantagenets
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6TlxI7tKOsM
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_monarchs
1387:
November: The Lords Appellant ..
December: Battle of Radcot Bridge ..
A Hundred Years of War ..
History topic ...
Who's Who topic ...
Henry IV - Henry of Bolingbroke
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Wars Of The Roses | Chronicle >> .
Henry IV (15 April 1367 – 20 March 1413), also known as Henry of Bolingbroke, was King of England and Lord of Ireland from 1399 to 1413, and asserted the claim of his grandfather, Edward III, to the Kingdom of France.
Lords Appellant ..
Henry was born at Bolingbroke Castle in Lincolnshire. His father, John of Gaunt, was the fourth son of Edward III and the third son to survive to adulthood, and enjoyed a position of considerable influence during much of the reign of Henry's cousin Richard II, whom Henry eventually deposed.
Henry's mother was Blanche, heiress to the considerable Lancaster estates, and thus he became the first King of England from the Lancaster branch of the Plantagenets and the first King of England since the Norman Conquest whose mother tongue was English rather than French.
Henry experienced a rather more inconsistent relationship with King Richard II than his father had. First cousins and childhood playmates, they were admitted together to the Order of the Garter in 1377, but Henry participated in the Lords Appellants' rebellion against the king in 1387. After regaining power, Richard did not punish Henry, although he did execute or exile many of the other rebellious barons. In fact, Richard elevated Henry from Earl of Derby to Duke of Hereford.
The relationship between Henry Bolingbroke and the king met with a second crisis. In 1398, a remark by Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk regarding Richard II's rule was interpreted as treason by Henry and Henry reported it to the king. The two dukes agreed to undergo a duel of honour (called by Richard II) at Gosford Green near Caludon Castle, Mowbray's home in Coventry. Yet before the duel could take place, Richard II decided to banish Henry from the kingdom (with the approval of Henry's father, John of Gaunt) to avoid further bloodshed. Mowbray himself was exiled for life.
John of Gaunt died in February 1399. Without explanation, Richard cancelled the legal documents that would have allowed Henry to inherit Gaunt's land automatically. Instead, Henry would be required to ask for the lands from Richard. After some hesitation, Henry met with the exiled Thomas Arundel, former Archbishop of Canterbury, who had lost his position because of his involvement with the Lords Appellant. Henry and Arundel returned to England while Richard was on a military campaign in Ireland. With Arundel as his advisor, Henry began a military campaign, confiscating land from those who opposed him and ordering his soldiers to destroy much of Cheshire. Henry quickly gained enough power and support to have himself declared King Henry IV, imprison King Richard (who died in prison under mysterious circumstances) and bypass Richard's 7-year-old heir-presumptive, Edmund de Mortimer. Henry's coronation, on 13 October 1399, may have marked the first time since the Norman Conquest when the monarch made an address in English.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_IV_of_England
Lancaster Castle, Duchy of Lancaster, Plantagenets
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6TlxI7tKOsM
https://mittelzeit.blogspot.com/2019/03/john-of-gaunt-1st-duke-of-lancaster.html
Lords Appellant ..
Henry was born at Bolingbroke Castle in Lincolnshire. His father, John of Gaunt, was the fourth son of Edward III and the third son to survive to adulthood, and enjoyed a position of considerable influence during much of the reign of Henry's cousin Richard II, whom Henry eventually deposed.
Henry's mother was Blanche, heiress to the considerable Lancaster estates, and thus he became the first King of England from the Lancaster branch of the Plantagenets and the first King of England since the Norman Conquest whose mother tongue was English rather than French.
Henry experienced a rather more inconsistent relationship with King Richard II than his father had. First cousins and childhood playmates, they were admitted together to the Order of the Garter in 1377, but Henry participated in the Lords Appellants' rebellion against the king in 1387. After regaining power, Richard did not punish Henry, although he did execute or exile many of the other rebellious barons. In fact, Richard elevated Henry from Earl of Derby to Duke of Hereford.
The relationship between Henry Bolingbroke and the king met with a second crisis. In 1398, a remark by Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk regarding Richard II's rule was interpreted as treason by Henry and Henry reported it to the king. The two dukes agreed to undergo a duel of honour (called by Richard II) at Gosford Green near Caludon Castle, Mowbray's home in Coventry. Yet before the duel could take place, Richard II decided to banish Henry from the kingdom (with the approval of Henry's father, John of Gaunt) to avoid further bloodshed. Mowbray himself was exiled for life.
John of Gaunt died in February 1399. Without explanation, Richard cancelled the legal documents that would have allowed Henry to inherit Gaunt's land automatically. Instead, Henry would be required to ask for the lands from Richard. After some hesitation, Henry met with the exiled Thomas Arundel, former Archbishop of Canterbury, who had lost his position because of his involvement with the Lords Appellant. Henry and Arundel returned to England while Richard was on a military campaign in Ireland. With Arundel as his advisor, Henry began a military campaign, confiscating land from those who opposed him and ordering his soldiers to destroy much of Cheshire. Henry quickly gained enough power and support to have himself declared King Henry IV, imprison King Richard (who died in prison under mysterious circumstances) and bypass Richard's 7-year-old heir-presumptive, Edmund de Mortimer. Henry's coronation, on 13 October 1399, may have marked the first time since the Norman Conquest when the monarch made an address in English.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_IV_of_England
Lancaster Castle, Duchy of Lancaster, Plantagenets
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6TlxI7tKOsM
https://mittelzeit.blogspot.com/2019/03/john-of-gaunt-1st-duke-of-lancaster.html
Thomas de Beauchamp, 12th Earl of Warwick
Thomas de Beauchamp, 12th Earl of Warwick, KG (16 March 1338 – 8 April 1401) was an English medieval nobleman of French descent, and one of the primary opponents of Richard II.
Lords Appellant ..
He was the son of Thomas de Beauchamp, 11th Earl of Warwick and Katherine Mortimer, a daughter of Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March, and succeeded his father in 1369. He married Margaret Ferrers, daughter of Sir William Ferrers, 3rd Baron Ferrers of Groby and Margaret d'Ufford, daughter of Robert d'Ufford, 1st Earl of Suffolk.
Knighted around 1355, Beauchamp accompanied John of Gaunt in campaigns in France in 1373, and around that time was made a Knight of the Garter. In the parliaments of 1376 and 1377 he was one of those appointed to supervise reform of King Richard II's government. When these were not as effective as hoped, Beauchamp was made Governor over the King. In 1377, or 1378, he granted the manors of Croome Adam (now Earls Croome) in Worcestershire and Grafton Flyford in Warwickshire to Henry de Ardern for a red rose. Between 1377 and 1378 he was appointed Admiral of the North. Beauchamp brought a large contingent of soldiers and archers to King Richard's Scottish campaign of 1385.
In 1387 he was one of the Lords Appellant, who endeavored to separate Richard from his favorites. After Richard regained power, Beauchamp retired to his estates, but was charged with high treason in 1397, supposedly as a part of the Earl of Arundel's alleged conspiracy. He was imprisoned in the Tower of London (in what is now known as the "Beauchamp Tower"), pleaded guilty and threw himself on the mercy of the king. He forfeited his estates and titles, and was sentenced to life imprisonment on the Isle of Man. The next year, however, he was moved back to the Tower, until he was released in August 1399 after Henry Bolingbroke's initial victories over King Richard II.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_de_Beauchamp,_12th_Earl_of_Warwick
Warwick Castle: Grevilles, Beauchamps, Neville
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sPcFR9tg0xk
.
.
Lords Appellant ..
He was the son of Thomas de Beauchamp, 11th Earl of Warwick and Katherine Mortimer, a daughter of Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March, and succeeded his father in 1369. He married Margaret Ferrers, daughter of Sir William Ferrers, 3rd Baron Ferrers of Groby and Margaret d'Ufford, daughter of Robert d'Ufford, 1st Earl of Suffolk.
Knighted around 1355, Beauchamp accompanied John of Gaunt in campaigns in France in 1373, and around that time was made a Knight of the Garter. In the parliaments of 1376 and 1377 he was one of those appointed to supervise reform of King Richard II's government. When these were not as effective as hoped, Beauchamp was made Governor over the King. In 1377, or 1378, he granted the manors of Croome Adam (now Earls Croome) in Worcestershire and Grafton Flyford in Warwickshire to Henry de Ardern for a red rose. Between 1377 and 1378 he was appointed Admiral of the North. Beauchamp brought a large contingent of soldiers and archers to King Richard's Scottish campaign of 1385.
In 1387 he was one of the Lords Appellant, who endeavored to separate Richard from his favorites. After Richard regained power, Beauchamp retired to his estates, but was charged with high treason in 1397, supposedly as a part of the Earl of Arundel's alleged conspiracy. He was imprisoned in the Tower of London (in what is now known as the "Beauchamp Tower"), pleaded guilty and threw himself on the mercy of the king. He forfeited his estates and titles, and was sentenced to life imprisonment on the Isle of Man. The next year, however, he was moved back to the Tower, until he was released in August 1399 after Henry Bolingbroke's initial victories over King Richard II.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_de_Beauchamp,_12th_Earl_of_Warwick
Warwick Castle: Grevilles, Beauchamps, Neville
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sPcFR9tg0xk
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Thomas de Berkeley, 5th Baron Berkeley
Thomas de Berkeley, 5th Baron Berkeley (5 January 1352/53 – 13 July 1417), of Berkeley Castle and of Wotton-under-Edge in Gloucestershire, was an English peer and an admiral.
Later dubbed The Magnificent by John Smyth of Nibley (d.1641), he was born at Berkeley Castle in Gloucestershire, the son and heir of Maurice de Berkeley, 4th Baron Berkeley by his wife Elizabeth le Despencer.
In 1367 Thomas married Margaret de Lisle, 3rd Baroness Lisle (1360–1392), daughter of Warine de Lisle, 2nd Baron Lisle (d.1382) and Margaret Pipard. By his wife he had no male progeny, only a daughter and sole heiress:
Elizabeth de Lisle (born ca.1386 – 28 December 1422), suo jure Baroness Lisle, who married Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick (1381–1459).
Arms of Berkeley: Gules, a chevron between ten crosses pattée six in chief and four in base argent
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_de_Berkeley,_5th_Baron_Berkeley
Margaret de Lisle was born in the little village of Kingston Lisle, to Warin de Lisle, the 2nd Baron de Lisle and Margaret Pypard. At Wingrave Buckinghamshire, in November of 1367 Margaret, age 7, married Thomas Berkeley age 14, the son of Maurice De Berkeley and Elizabeth Despenser. Even though Lord Maurice was very ill and could not travel to his son's marriage, he sent three household Knights suited in liveries of fine cloth of ray fur with miniver, and twenty three of his household Esquires in their liveries of coarser ray and less costly fur. The young bridegroom was in scarlet and satin and a silver girdle. Because of Margaret's age there was an agreement that they would live apart for four years. Margaret was about 22 when her father died (Sir Warin de Lisle, 2nd Lord Lisle, 5th Lord Tyeys died on 28 June 1382.) and about 30 at her step-mother's death, when she became heir to the Lisle and Teyes estates. She died between May and September 1392, and was buried at Wotton-under-Edge. Thomas died 13 July 1417, and was buried at Wotton. The brasses remain, but are without inscription.
https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/84705572/margaret-berkeley
https://www.geni.com/people/Margaret-de-Berkley/6000000000796849001
https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Lisle-94
Wotton-under-Edge is a market town within the Stroud district of Gloucestershire, England.
In 1272 the inhabitants of the borough were authorised to elect one of their members as a Mayor, a practice that continued every year until 1886.
St. Mary the Virgin was consecrated in 1283, and is the oldest and largest church in the town.
The Katharine Lady Berkeley's Grammar School was established in 1384 and is now a comprehensive named Katharine Lady Berkeley's School although the present modern building is a little outside of the town on the way to the village of Kingswood. The British School was established in the village in 1835.
A battle occurred near the Ancient Ram Inn in 1469, when the building was owned by a Viscount Lisle. William Berkely led the forces that beat the Viscount, and after the battle his men sacked the manor.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wotton-under-Edge
Later dubbed The Magnificent by John Smyth of Nibley (d.1641), he was born at Berkeley Castle in Gloucestershire, the son and heir of Maurice de Berkeley, 4th Baron Berkeley by his wife Elizabeth le Despencer.
In 1367 Thomas married Margaret de Lisle, 3rd Baroness Lisle (1360–1392), daughter of Warine de Lisle, 2nd Baron Lisle (d.1382) and Margaret Pipard. By his wife he had no male progeny, only a daughter and sole heiress:
Elizabeth de Lisle (born ca.1386 – 28 December 1422), suo jure Baroness Lisle, who married Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick (1381–1459).
Arms of Berkeley: Gules, a chevron between ten crosses pattée six in chief and four in base argent
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_de_Berkeley,_5th_Baron_Berkeley
Margaret de Lisle was born in the little village of Kingston Lisle, to Warin de Lisle, the 2nd Baron de Lisle and Margaret Pypard. At Wingrave Buckinghamshire, in November of 1367 Margaret, age 7, married Thomas Berkeley age 14, the son of Maurice De Berkeley and Elizabeth Despenser. Even though Lord Maurice was very ill and could not travel to his son's marriage, he sent three household Knights suited in liveries of fine cloth of ray fur with miniver, and twenty three of his household Esquires in their liveries of coarser ray and less costly fur. The young bridegroom was in scarlet and satin and a silver girdle. Because of Margaret's age there was an agreement that they would live apart for four years. Margaret was about 22 when her father died (Sir Warin de Lisle, 2nd Lord Lisle, 5th Lord Tyeys died on 28 June 1382.) and about 30 at her step-mother's death, when she became heir to the Lisle and Teyes estates. She died between May and September 1392, and was buried at Wotton-under-Edge. Thomas died 13 July 1417, and was buried at Wotton. The brasses remain, but are without inscription.
https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/84705572/margaret-berkeley
https://www.geni.com/people/Margaret-de-Berkley/6000000000796849001
https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Lisle-94
Wotton-under-Edge is a market town within the Stroud district of Gloucestershire, England.
In 1272 the inhabitants of the borough were authorised to elect one of their members as a Mayor, a practice that continued every year until 1886.
St. Mary the Virgin was consecrated in 1283, and is the oldest and largest church in the town.
The Katharine Lady Berkeley's Grammar School was established in 1384 and is now a comprehensive named Katharine Lady Berkeley's School although the present modern building is a little outside of the town on the way to the village of Kingswood. The British School was established in the village in 1835.
A battle occurred near the Ancient Ram Inn in 1469, when the building was owned by a Viscount Lisle. William Berkely led the forces that beat the Viscount, and after the battle his men sacked the manor.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wotton-under-Edge
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