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The Franks: the Birth of Modern Europe - Mapped > .
Showing posts with label 1st millennium. Show all posts
Showing posts with label 1st millennium. Show all posts
Momentum Stick Potter's Wheel
Momentum Stick Wheel > .
"If this was the case why, after the Roman abandonment of Britain, do potters give up the potters' wheel as a making method? Pottery production still continues although on a much smaller scale. The issue is more one of training and space, vs returns. Fast wheel pottery takes several years to master, it's a serious piece of kit to construct, maintain and store and generally demands much more finely prepared clay. Clay that does not lend itself so well to open or clamp firing, both of which are better achieved with a coarser clay. Fine wheel thrown clay is far easier to fire in a kiln, another piece of equipment that needs to be built and maintained. Again, open firing can be achieved with almost any fuel, kilns on the other hand demand carefully prepared wood, gorse or brash. All time consuming and simply not worth it for domestic scale production."
Saxon Potter > .
"While I would agree that industrialization would be unnecessary in tiny communities, potters would still have needed to dry and fire their posts. Forget efficient economies of scale at the firing stage. I would have assumed that the impediment was more the mental leap from the concept of building pots from coils to the notion of shaping a rotating lump by pulling upward."
Response:
History of Pandemics
A History of Pandemics, Part 1 > .
A History of Pandemics, Part 2 > .
History of Pandemics mapped > .
A History of Pandemics, Part 2 > .
History of Pandemics mapped > .
How did Medieval People respond to the Black Death? - same > .
The Worst Pandemics in History > .
The Most Destructive Pandemics and Epidemics In Human History > .
The Most Destructive Pandemics and Epidemics In Human History > .
How Pandemics Spread > .
Why (17thC+) Plague Doctors Wore Strange Masks > .
How Eyam in Derbyshire 'self-isolated' during Bubonic Plague > .
Plague in the Ancient and Medieval World - same > .
Pandemics & the Economy | The Lasting Effects of the Black Death > .
History of the Black Death - 1 - fph > .
A Day In the Life Living With the Plague > . History of the Black Death - 1 - fph > .
Why (17thC+) Plague Doctors Wore Strange Masks > .
How Eyam in Derbyshire 'self-isolated' during Bubonic Plague > .
Plague in the Ancient and Medieval World - same > .
The Peasants' Revolt (The Great Revolt) - HiHu >> .
Plague writers who "predicted" coronavirus pandemic .
In the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, some plague doctors and physicians wore a beak-like mask which was filled with aromatic items. The masks were designed to protect them from putrid air, which (according to the miasmatic theory of disease) was seen as the cause of infection. The design of these clothes has been attributed to Charles de Lorme, the chief physician to Louis XIII.
Plague writers who "predicted" coronavirus pandemic .
In the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, some plague doctors and physicians wore a beak-like mask which was filled with aromatic items. The masks were designed to protect them from putrid air, which (according to the miasmatic theory of disease) was seen as the cause of infection. The design of these clothes has been attributed to Charles de Lorme, the chief physician to Louis XIII.
Plagues & Pandemics
Plague in the Ancient and Medieval World - same > .
History of Pandemics mapped > .
Pandemics Economically Worse than War - First Pandemic - Pandemic Hx 1 - tgh > .
Life After the Black Death Ended - Weird > .
The Most Destructive Pandemics and Epidemics In Human History > .
Pandemics & the Economy | The Lasting Effects of the Black Death > .
How did Medieval People respond to the Black Death? - same > .
Black Death Explained in 8 Minutes - CaHi > .
The Most Destructive Pandemics and Epidemics In Human History > .
Pandemics & the Economy | The Lasting Effects of the Black Death > .
How did Medieval People respond to the Black Death? - same > .
Black Death Explained in 8 Minutes - CaHi > .
History of the Black Death - 1 - fph > .
History of the Black Death - 2 - fph > .
History of the Black Death - 3 - fph > .
Did The Black Death Affect Medieval Religion? Islam / Christianity ~ same > .
The Antonine Plague of 165 to 180 CE, also known as the Plague of Galen (from the name of the Greek physician living in the Roman Empire who described it), was an ancient pandemic brought to the Roman Empire by troops returning from campaigns in the Near East. Scholars have suspected it to have been either smallpox or measles, but the true cause remains undetermined.
History of the Black Death - 2 - fph > .
History of the Black Death - 3 - fph > .
Did The Black Death Affect Medieval Religion? Islam / Christianity ~ same > .
The Antonine Plague of 165 to 180 CE, also known as the Plague of Galen (from the name of the Greek physician living in the Roman Empire who described it), was an ancient pandemic brought to the Roman Empire by troops returning from campaigns in the Near East. Scholars have suspected it to have been either smallpox or measles, but the true cause remains undetermined.
Antonine Plague - 165 to 180 CE .
Justinian Plague: First Pandemic? // Procopius (541-542) - VoP > .
Pandemics Economically Worse than War - 1st Pandemic - Pandemic Hx 1 - tgh > .
The Plague of Justinian (541–542 CE, with recurrences until 750) was a pandemic that afflicted the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire and especially its capital, Constantinople, as well as the Sasanian Empire and port cities around the entire Mediterranean Sea.
In 2013, researchers confirmed earlier speculation that the cause of the Plague of Justinian was Yersinia pestis, the same bacterium responsible for the Black Death (1347–1351). ... Ancient and modern Yersinia pestis strains closely related to the ancestor of the Justinian plague strain have been found in Tian Shan, a system of mountain ranges on the borders of Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, and China, suggesting that the Justinian plague may have originated in or near that region.
The plague returned periodically until the eighth century. The waves of disease had a major effect on the subsequent course of European history.
Justinian Plague - 541 CE - - 750 CE .
Pandemics and the Shape of Human History: Outbreaks have sparked riots and propelled public-health innovations, prefigured revolutions and redrawn maps.
"In early 542, the plague struck Constantinople. The plague hit the powerless and the powerful alike. Justinian himself contracted it. Among the lucky, he survived. His rule, however, never really recovered. In the years leading up to 542, Justinian’s generals had reconquered much of the western part of the Roman Empire from the Goths, the Vandals, and other assorted barbarians. After 542, the Emperor struggled to recruit soldiers and to pay them. The territories that his generals had subdued began to revolt. The plague reached the city of Rome in 543, and seems to have made it all the way to Britain by 544. It broke out again in Constantinople in 558, a third time in 573, and yet again in 586.
Pandemics Economically Worse than War - 1st Pandemic - Pandemic Hx 1 - tgh > .
The Plague of Justinian (541–542 CE, with recurrences until 750) was a pandemic that afflicted the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire and especially its capital, Constantinople, as well as the Sasanian Empire and port cities around the entire Mediterranean Sea.
In 2013, researchers confirmed earlier speculation that the cause of the Plague of Justinian was Yersinia pestis, the same bacterium responsible for the Black Death (1347–1351). ... Ancient and modern Yersinia pestis strains closely related to the ancestor of the Justinian plague strain have been found in Tian Shan, a system of mountain ranges on the borders of Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, and China, suggesting that the Justinian plague may have originated in or near that region.
The plague returned periodically until the eighth century. The waves of disease had a major effect on the subsequent course of European history.
Justinian Plague - 541 CE - - 750 CE .
Pandemics and the Shape of Human History: Outbreaks have sparked riots and propelled public-health innovations, prefigured revolutions and redrawn maps.
"In early 542, the plague struck Constantinople. The plague hit the powerless and the powerful alike. Justinian himself contracted it. Among the lucky, he survived. His rule, however, never really recovered. In the years leading up to 542, Justinian’s generals had reconquered much of the western part of the Roman Empire from the Goths, the Vandals, and other assorted barbarians. After 542, the Emperor struggled to recruit soldiers and to pay them. The territories that his generals had subdued began to revolt. The plague reached the city of Rome in 543, and seems to have made it all the way to Britain by 544. It broke out again in Constantinople in 558, a third time in 573, and yet again in 586.
The Justinianic plague, as it became known, didn’t burn itself out until 750. By that point, there was a new world order. A powerful new religion, Islam, had arisen, and its followers ruled territory that included a great deal of what had been Justinian’s empire, along with the Arabian Peninsula. Much of Western Europe, meanwhile, had come under the control of the Franks. Rome had been reduced to about thirty thousand people, roughly the population of present-day Mamaroneck. Was the pestilence partly responsible? If so, history is written not only by men but also by microbes."
...
The word “quarantine” comes from the Italian quaranta, meaning “forty.” The earliest formal quarantines were a response to the Black Death, which, between 1347 and 1351, killed something like a third of Europe and ushered in what’s become known as the “second plague pandemic.” As with the first, the second pandemic worked its havoc fitfully. Plague would spread, then abate, only to flare up again.
During one such flareup, in the fifteenth century, the Venetians erected lazarettos—or isolation wards—on outlying islands, where they forced arriving ships to dock. The Venetians believed that by airing out the ships they were dissipating plague-causing vapors. If the theory was off base, the results were still salubrious; forty days gave the plague time enough to kill infected rats and sailors. Snowden, a professor emeritus at Yale, calls such measures one of the first forms of “institutionalized public health” and argues that they helped legitimatize the “accretion of power” by the modern state.
...
The word “quarantine” comes from the Italian quaranta, meaning “forty.” The earliest formal quarantines were a response to the Black Death, which, between 1347 and 1351, killed something like a third of Europe and ushered in what’s become known as the “second plague pandemic.” As with the first, the second pandemic worked its havoc fitfully. Plague would spread, then abate, only to flare up again.
During one such flareup, in the fifteenth century, the Venetians erected lazarettos—or isolation wards—on outlying islands, where they forced arriving ships to dock. The Venetians believed that by airing out the ships they were dissipating plague-causing vapors. If the theory was off base, the results were still salubrious; forty days gave the plague time enough to kill infected rats and sailors. Snowden, a professor emeritus at Yale, calls such measures one of the first forms of “institutionalized public health” and argues that they helped legitimatize the “accretion of power” by the modern state.
https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2020/04/06/pandemics-and-the-shape-of-human-history .
Plague writers who "predicted" coronavirus pandemic .
Pandemic and 1918: How History and Illness Intertwine - tHG > .
History of the 1918 Influenza Pandemic - tHG > .
Ж Black Death to Peasants' Revolt ..
Ж Black Death - Impacts ..Plague writers who "predicted" coronavirus pandemic .
Pandemic and 1918: How History and Illness Intertwine - tHG > .
History of the 1918 Influenza Pandemic - tHG > .
Ж Black Death to Peasants' Revolt ..
ЖЉ Black Death - Jewish Persecution, Europe ..
Cooling - Medieval famine, plague, social change ..
Crises ..
Economic & Societal Consequences of Black Death ..
Great Pestilence ..
History of Pandemics ..
Plague ..
Quarantine ..
● First Millennium
1000 CE Europe ..
Brunanburh 937 CE ..
Inventions, discoveries and introductions 1-1000 CE .
Timeline - medieval technology ..
7th
Tidal mills
8th
The horse collar first appears in Europe.
The heavy plow is in use in Northern Italy (the Po valley) by the 8th century.
The heavy plow is in use in the Rhineland in the early 8th century.
The stirrup arrives in Europe from China in the early 8th century.
The use of soap, a Gaulish invention, spreads through Europe.
Iron becomes common in western Europe.
Paper is introduced into the Arab world.
9th
The first description of a rotary grindstone occurs in 834.
10th
The use of hops in brewing beer spread between the 10th Century and the 14th.
The first millennium of the Common Era was a millennium spanning the years 1 to 1000 (1st to 10th centuries). World population rose more slowly than during the preceding millennium, from about 200 million in the year 1 to about 300 million in the year 1000.
In Western Eurasia (Europe and Near East), the first millennium was a time of great transition from Classical Antiquity to the Middle Ages. The 1st century saw the peak of the Roman Empire, followed by its gradual decline during the period of Late Antiquity, the rise of Christianity and the Great Migrations. The second half of the millennium is characterized as the Early Middle Ages in Europe, and marked by the Viking expansion in the west, the rise of the Byzantine Empire in the east.
Islam expanded rapidly from Arabia to western Asia, India, North Africa and the Iberian peninsula, culminating in the Islamic Golden Age (700–1200).
In East Asia, the first millennium was also a time of great cultural advances, notably the spread of Buddhism to East Asia. In China, the Han dynasty is replaced by the Jin dynasty and later the Tang dynasty until the 10th century sees renewed fragmentation in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. In Japan, a sharp increase in population followed when farmers' use of iron tools increased their productivity and crop yields. The Yamato court was established.
In South Asia, the Indian subcontinent was divided among numerous kingdoms throughout the first millennium, until the formation of the Gupta Empire.
In Mesoamerica, the first millennium was a period of enormous growth known as the Classic Era (200–900). Teotihuacan grew into a metropolis and its empire dominated Mesoamerica. In South America, pre-Incan, coastal cultures flourished, producing impressive metalwork and some of the finest pottery seen in the ancient world. In North America, the Mississippian culture rose at the end of the millennium in the Mississippi and Ohio river valleys. Numerous cities were built; Cahokia, the largest, was based in present-day Illinois. The construction of Monks Mound at Cahokia was begun in 900–950.
In Sub-Saharan Africa, the Bantu expansion reaches Southern Africa by about the 5th century. The Arab slave trade spans the Sahara and the Swahili coast by the 9th century.
Plagues & Pandemics ..
Brunanburh 937 CE ..
Inventions, discoveries and introductions 1-1000 CE .
| Communication | Agriculture | Math and Science | Transportation | Warfare |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Woodblock printing . Paper . | Coffee . Hops . | Algebra . Ptolemaic system . Steel . | Horseshoe . Stirrup . Magnetic compass . | Greek fire . Gunpowder . |
Timeline - medieval technology ..
7th
Tidal mills
8th
The horse collar first appears in Europe.
The heavy plow is in use in Northern Italy (the Po valley) by the 8th century.
The heavy plow is in use in the Rhineland in the early 8th century.
The stirrup arrives in Europe from China in the early 8th century.
The use of soap, a Gaulish invention, spreads through Europe.
Iron becomes common in western Europe.
Paper is introduced into the Arab world.
9th
The first description of a rotary grindstone occurs in 834.
10th
The use of hops in brewing beer spread between the 10th Century and the 14th.
The first millennium of the Common Era was a millennium spanning the years 1 to 1000 (1st to 10th centuries). World population rose more slowly than during the preceding millennium, from about 200 million in the year 1 to about 300 million in the year 1000.
In Western Eurasia (Europe and Near East), the first millennium was a time of great transition from Classical Antiquity to the Middle Ages. The 1st century saw the peak of the Roman Empire, followed by its gradual decline during the period of Late Antiquity, the rise of Christianity and the Great Migrations. The second half of the millennium is characterized as the Early Middle Ages in Europe, and marked by the Viking expansion in the west, the rise of the Byzantine Empire in the east.
Islam expanded rapidly from Arabia to western Asia, India, North Africa and the Iberian peninsula, culminating in the Islamic Golden Age (700–1200).
In East Asia, the first millennium was also a time of great cultural advances, notably the spread of Buddhism to East Asia. In China, the Han dynasty is replaced by the Jin dynasty and later the Tang dynasty until the 10th century sees renewed fragmentation in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. In Japan, a sharp increase in population followed when farmers' use of iron tools increased their productivity and crop yields. The Yamato court was established.
In South Asia, the Indian subcontinent was divided among numerous kingdoms throughout the first millennium, until the formation of the Gupta Empire.
In Mesoamerica, the first millennium was a period of enormous growth known as the Classic Era (200–900). Teotihuacan grew into a metropolis and its empire dominated Mesoamerica. In South America, pre-Incan, coastal cultures flourished, producing impressive metalwork and some of the finest pottery seen in the ancient world. In North America, the Mississippian culture rose at the end of the millennium in the Mississippi and Ohio river valleys. Numerous cities were built; Cahokia, the largest, was based in present-day Illinois. The construction of Monks Mound at Cahokia was begun in 900–950.
In Sub-Saharan Africa, the Bantu expansion reaches Southern Africa by about the 5th century. The Arab slave trade spans the Sahara and the Swahili coast by the 9th century.
Plagues & Pandemics ..
Bath Abbey Photogrammetry
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