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Earth Pigments ..
Granite Trough
Plug and feather, also known as plugs and wedges, feather and wedges, wedges and shims and feather and tare refers to a technique and a three-piece tool set used to split stone. Each set consists of a metal wedge (the plug), and two shims (the feathers). The feathers are wide at the bottom, and tapered and curved at the top. When the two feathers are placed on either side of the plug, the combined width of the set is the same at both ends.
Variations of the plug and feather method have been used since ancient Egyptian times. With this simple mechanical technique, the stone was first measured and marked. Bronze plugs and feathers were then driven into grooves which had been previously cut with a chisel and mallet.This was the most common method used by the Egyptians for quarrying limestone and sandstone. Evidence of this method for cutting obelisks in the quarries of Aswan can clearly be seen. The technique was also used by the Romans.
On Dartmoor, Devon, England, the process is known as feather and tare and it was used from around 1800 to split the large blocks of granite found on the ground there. It was, for instance, used to make the rails for the Haytor Granite Tramway in 1820.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plug_and_feather
Variations of the plug and feather method have been used since ancient Egyptian times. With this simple mechanical technique, the stone was first measured and marked. Bronze plugs and feathers were then driven into grooves which had been previously cut with a chisel and mallet.This was the most common method used by the Egyptians for quarrying limestone and sandstone. Evidence of this method for cutting obelisks in the quarries of Aswan can clearly be seen. The technique was also used by the Romans.
On Dartmoor, Devon, England, the process is known as feather and tare and it was used from around 1800 to split the large blocks of granite found on the ground there. It was, for instance, used to make the rails for the Haytor Granite Tramway in 1820.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plug_and_feather
Lime burning
Lime Kiln playlist contents.
Calculating capacity of kiln in video 1 (based on ratio of 10:3 tons limestone:coal):
Specific gravities:
Limestone, broken
1554 kg/cu.m.
Coal, Bituminous,
broken 833 kg/cu.m.
(anthracite would be too expensive for this task)
1 cu m = 35.3147 cu.ft.
Converting from kg to uk tons
1554 kg = 1.52945694 uk tons/35.3147 cu.ft.
833 kg = 0.874959603 uk ton/35.3147 cu.ft.
So,
60 tons of broken limestone fills 1385.4 cu.ft.
15 tons of broken bituminous coal fills 605.4 cu.ft.
At 56% of the weight of limestone (based on the atomic numbers CaCO3 versus CaO), each of the 2 larger kilns would yield 25 tons of quicklime.
(Presumably, the BBC researchers found the figures for the capacity of both kilns at Morwellham Quay.)
15 tons of broken bituminous coal fills 605.4 cu.ft.
At 56% of the weight of limestone (based on the atomic numbers CaCO3 versus CaO), each of the 2 larger kilns would yield 25 tons of quicklime.
(Presumably, the BBC researchers found the figures for the capacity of both kilns at Morwellham Quay.)
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