Arrows vs Bolts ..
Armour, Jousting
Chronology of armour
http://mittelzeit.blogspot.ca/2010/12/when-to-when.html
Putting the Middle Ages in Perspective > .
Making Chain mail
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sw2UDtU2SgM
Armour, Beards, Clothing, Hair, Moustaches
Get ready with me - 1350s Viennese infantrist > .
Beards, Hair, Moustaches
History of Hair
Men's and Women's clothing, headgear, hairstyles
Military Gear
By the mid-14th C plate protection had superseded mail on the arms. On legs plate was used but often took the form of studded leather and metal splints. The surcoat had been replaced by the much shorter and tighter jupon. See figure F. A horizontal belt with plaquarts plus gilded edging was now added to the harness and the bascinet and aventail became universally used throughout Europe.
.......
Mail changed little throughout the eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth century with the exception of minor details. The shape of the helmet changed from the typical Norman conical shape to the rounded skullcap and then to the cylindrical shaped helm. Metal knee protection appeared in the early thirteenth century and the shield decreased in size but overall the main form of defence remained mail. See fig B and C
In the early fourteenth century, something happened that would start an arms race that lasted three hundred years. The capability of producing large quantities of iron and steel. Moreover, it is from this period that the armourer begins to develop the methods of plate armour production. See fig D
The modern fighting soldier’s idea of warfare has no bearing on the medieval knight’s ideal. Warfare had its political and social reasons just as today, but the social elite could use warfare as an income and a method of elevating their status. The capture and ransoming of a wealthy knight might ensure he survived a battle. Thus, the ability to show ones wealth in battle became important.
The knight not only needed armour as a form of physical protection but also needed it to convey his wealth and standing. Thus, the development of armour changed from a purely defensive matter and moved into the realm of visual display. The knight became a deadly peacock, using the bright colours of heraldry to distinguish each other on the battlefield and in tournament.
Heraldry had arisen in the 11th century with simple patterns, designs and pictures, and over a five hundred year period would developed into a complex method of recognising individuals and families. The main areas on a knight that displayed heraldic arms were the shield, the surcoat and the crest. In most circumstances the crest is the only surviving clue to the heraldic design of an individual that can be found on an effigy, this being part of the headrest. In some cases, the shield and jupon have a coat-of-arms carved into them, some even retaining original colours.
During the late 13th c. plate protection was added to mail armour, arm and leg protection being strapped onto mail. The surcoat was shortened at the front becoming the Cyclas. The knight wore a padded aketon underneath his mail coat or Haubergeon; above this, a coat of plates may have been worn. See figure E.
By the mid 14thc plate protection had superseded mail on the arms. On legs plate was used but often took the form of studded leather and metal splints. The surcoat had been replaced by the much shorter and tighter jupon. See figure F. A horizontal belt with plaquarts plus gilded edging was now added to the harness and the bascinet and aventail became universally used throughout Europe.
The early 15thc saw the development of the great bascinet with its gorget and the first full plate suits of armour appear. The average thickness of the steel used was around 1.5 millimetres but certain areas such as the breastplate or helmet could be made thicker. See figure G.
By the late 15thc the intricate gothic styles in German armour increases. See figure H. but in England, the plainer Italian style is preferred. However, the sallet eventually took over from the Great bascinet.
During the early Tudor period Italian style armour with plain surfaces. See figure I. appears on many effigies In reality the use of heavily fluted armour (Later to be called Maximilian) was used throughout Europe. The development of the close-helmet that hid the head completely meant that the effigy maker often replaced the traditional helm as headrest with this form of helmet.
http://englishhistoryauthors.blogspot.ca/2014/09/the-history-of-armour-1100-1700.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knight
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squire
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Page_(servant)#The_medieval_page
Arms & Armour of a 12th Century Knight > .
Jousting: The Ultimate Sport > .
Dressing in late 14th century armour - Ola Onsrud > .
The Evolution Of Knightly Armour - 1066 - 1485 - Metatron > .
12th - 14th century - monumental effigy and brass .
14th century > .
How to Joust like a Medieval Knight - English Heritage > .
Deeds not Words: The History of Modern Jousting - The Wallace Collection > . 1:41:35
Full Metal Jousting - The Rules of the Joust | History > .
Full Metal Jousting - Dangers of Jousting | History > .
Full Metal Jousting - The Armor | History > .
Full Metal Jousting - The Lance | History > .
Full Metal Jousting > .
Full metal joust at Bolsover Castle > .
Ahistoric: "A Day in the Life of a Female Jouster" > .
Victoria Pendleton: Jousting With An Olympic Champion > .
Weapons That Made Britain: Heavy Armour > .
Weapons That Made Britain - Master Huon Damebrigge > .
Making Chain mail
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sw2UDtU2SgM
Armour, Beards, Clothing, Hair, Moustaches
Get ready with me - 1350s Viennese infantrist > .
Beards, Hair, Moustaches
History of Hair
Men's and Women's clothing, headgear, hairstyles
Military Gear
By the mid-14th C plate protection had superseded mail on the arms. On legs plate was used but often took the form of studded leather and metal splints. The surcoat had been replaced by the much shorter and tighter jupon. See figure F. A horizontal belt with plaquarts plus gilded edging was now added to the harness and the bascinet and aventail became universally used throughout Europe.
.......
Mail changed little throughout the eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth century with the exception of minor details. The shape of the helmet changed from the typical Norman conical shape to the rounded skullcap and then to the cylindrical shaped helm. Metal knee protection appeared in the early thirteenth century and the shield decreased in size but overall the main form of defence remained mail. See fig B and C
In the early fourteenth century, something happened that would start an arms race that lasted three hundred years. The capability of producing large quantities of iron and steel. Moreover, it is from this period that the armourer begins to develop the methods of plate armour production. See fig D
The modern fighting soldier’s idea of warfare has no bearing on the medieval knight’s ideal. Warfare had its political and social reasons just as today, but the social elite could use warfare as an income and a method of elevating their status. The capture and ransoming of a wealthy knight might ensure he survived a battle. Thus, the ability to show ones wealth in battle became important.
The knight not only needed armour as a form of physical protection but also needed it to convey his wealth and standing. Thus, the development of armour changed from a purely defensive matter and moved into the realm of visual display. The knight became a deadly peacock, using the bright colours of heraldry to distinguish each other on the battlefield and in tournament.
Heraldry had arisen in the 11th century with simple patterns, designs and pictures, and over a five hundred year period would developed into a complex method of recognising individuals and families. The main areas on a knight that displayed heraldic arms were the shield, the surcoat and the crest. In most circumstances the crest is the only surviving clue to the heraldic design of an individual that can be found on an effigy, this being part of the headrest. In some cases, the shield and jupon have a coat-of-arms carved into them, some even retaining original colours.
During the late 13th c. plate protection was added to mail armour, arm and leg protection being strapped onto mail. The surcoat was shortened at the front becoming the Cyclas. The knight wore a padded aketon underneath his mail coat or Haubergeon; above this, a coat of plates may have been worn. See figure E.
By the mid 14thc plate protection had superseded mail on the arms. On legs plate was used but often took the form of studded leather and metal splints. The surcoat had been replaced by the much shorter and tighter jupon. See figure F. A horizontal belt with plaquarts plus gilded edging was now added to the harness and the bascinet and aventail became universally used throughout Europe.
The early 15thc saw the development of the great bascinet with its gorget and the first full plate suits of armour appear. The average thickness of the steel used was around 1.5 millimetres but certain areas such as the breastplate or helmet could be made thicker. See figure G.
By the late 15thc the intricate gothic styles in German armour increases. See figure H. but in England, the plainer Italian style is preferred. However, the sallet eventually took over from the Great bascinet.
During the early Tudor period Italian style armour with plain surfaces. See figure I. appears on many effigies In reality the use of heavily fluted armour (Later to be called Maximilian) was used throughout Europe. The development of the close-helmet that hid the head completely meant that the effigy maker often replaced the traditional helm as headrest with this form of helmet.
http://englishhistoryauthors.blogspot.ca/2014/09/the-history-of-armour-1100-1700.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knight
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squire
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Page_(servant)#The_medieval_page
Arms & Armour of a 12th Century Knight > .
Jousting: The Ultimate Sport > .
Dressing in late 14th century armour - Ola Onsrud > .
The Evolution Of Knightly Armour - 1066 - 1485 - Metatron > .
12th - 14th century - monumental effigy and brass .
14th century > .
How to Joust like a Medieval Knight - English Heritage > .
Deeds not Words: The History of Modern Jousting - The Wallace Collection > . 1:41:35
Full Metal Jousting - The Rules of the Joust | History > .
Full Metal Jousting - Dangers of Jousting | History > .
Full Metal Jousting - The Armor | History > .
Full Metal Jousting - The Lance | History > .
Full Metal Jousting > .
Full metal joust at Bolsover Castle > .
Ahistoric: "A Day in the Life of a Female Jouster" > .
Victoria Pendleton: Jousting With An Olympic Champion > .
Weapons That Made Britain: Heavy Armour > .
Weapons That Made Britain - Master Huon Damebrigge > .
Charcoal Burn
. Charcoal burn .
Making charcoal .
Wood burns at too low a temperature for purposes such as iron production, so charcoal was produced by the partial combustion of wood in low oxygen conditions.
Four units (by weight) of wood is needed to produce one unit of charcoal, so the process was typically performed on site in an area in which the soil had a high clay content.
A circular pit between 12-16 ft in diameter was dug to a depth of 18 inches. Starting at the centre, a vertically-placed pyramid of wood was built, expanded outward in concentric circles, and then capped with a low pyramid of wood. The construction was then covered with the removed soil and turf. Ventilation holes were placed every few feet around the base, and a fire-hole was left open at the top of the stack.
The stack (or clamp) was ignited by dumping charcoal embers down the fire-hole. It was imperative that the stack not burn too fiercely, so the burn must be watched for the duration of the burn. Any cracks in the stack must be repaired to ensure that air could not enter and cause the burn to blaze fiercely.
After three to four days, the smoke emitted by the stack would change colour from white to blue. Those guarding the burn would then block the ventilation holes to stifle the fire. After a further two or three days, the stack would have cooled sufficient for the mound to be opened. Water was kept on hand in case the stack reignited. The charcoal could then be sorted and bagged; the sacks were transported out, usually on donkeys.
Rush light to tallow
Rush light to tallow
Rushlights .Rendering tallow
https://youtu.be/anuZV9BhcUc?t=23m13s
Rush lights
https://youtu.be/anuZV9BhcUc?t=28m53s
https://youtu.be/anuZV9BhcUc?t=32m26s
Making rush lights
https://youtu.be/GTU9GvXUUZM?t=17m12s
https://youtu.be/GTU9GvXUUZM?t=18m56s
https://youtu.be/GTU9GvXUUZM?t=21m34s
candle condenser (1613)
https://youtu.be/GTU9GvXUUZM?t=22m17s
Wax - bees, candlemaking
https://youtu.be/ynkh4Hwf9ik?t=26m22s
https://youtu.be/ynkh4Hwf9ik?t=34m40s
Apis - Bee evolution, distribution ⇝
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