British DNA
British DNA ........
"There was not a single “Celtic” genetic group. In fact the Celtic parts of the UK (Scotland, Northern Ireland, Wales and Cornwall) are among the most different from each other genetically. For example, the Cornish are much more similar genetically to other English groups than they are to the Welsh or the Scots.
There are separate genetic groups in Cornwall and Devon, with a division almost exactly along the modern county boundary.
The majority of eastern, central and southern England is made up of a single, relatively homogeneous, genetic group with a significant DNA contribution from Anglo-Saxon migrations (10-40% of total ancestry). This settles a historical controversy in showing that the Anglo-Saxons intermarried with, rather than replaced, the existing populations.
The population in Orkney emerged as the most genetically distinct, with 25% of DNA coming from Norwegian ancestors. This shows clearly that the Norse Viking invasion (9th century) did not simply replace the indigenous Orkney population.
The Welsh appear more similar to the earliest settlers of Britain after the last ice age than do other people in the UK.
There is no obvious genetic signature of the Danish Vikings, who controlled large parts of England (“The Danelaw”) from the 9th century.
There is genetic evidence of the effect of the Landsker line – the boundary between English-speaking people in south-west Pembrokeshire (sometimes known as “Little England beyond Wales”) and the Welsh speakers in the rest of Wales, which persisted for almost a millennium."
DNA study shows Celts are not a unique genetic group - BBC News
http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-31905764
DNA Deciphers Roots of Modern Europeans - The New York Times
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/16/science/dna-deciphers-roots-of-modern-europeans.html?
BRITAIN ANGLO-SAXON GENETIC
2015, Nature FULL:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v519/n7543/full/nature14230.html
2015: http://www.heritagedaily.com/2015/03/first-fine-scale-genetic-map-british-isles/107039 2015: http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2015/03/18/4200057.htm
2015: http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2006/07/19/1690600.htm
2015: http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-31905764 2011: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/727/
2002: http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/19/7/1008.full
GENETICS ANGLO-SAXON BRITAIN
"The Anglo-Saxons, Germanic tribes who lived in present-day Germany, northern Holland and Denmark, invaded Britain in 450 AD after the fall of the Roman empire.
They conquered England but were unable to penetrate far into the Celtic fringes of what are now Wales and Scotland. They coincidentally prompted an exodus of Britons to what is now Brittany, France.
The population of England at that time was probably around two million while the number of Anglo-Saxons was minute: the lowest estimate puts the number of migrants at less than 10,000 some 200 years after the invasion, although others put it at more than 100,000."
http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2006/07/19/1690600.htm
2011: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/727/
and 2006, http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/727/1/17_-_Whence_came_the_English.pdf?DDD5+
"There was not a single “Celtic” genetic group. In fact the Celtic parts of the UK (Scotland, Northern Ireland, Wales and Cornwall) are among the most different from each other genetically. For example, the Cornish are much more similar genetically to other English groups than they are to the Welsh or the Scots.
There are separate genetic groups in Cornwall and Devon, with a division almost exactly along the modern county boundary.
The majority of eastern, central and southern England is made up of a single, relatively homogeneous, genetic group with a significant DNA contribution from Anglo-Saxon migrations (10-40% of total ancestry). This settles a historical controversy in showing that the Anglo-Saxons intermarried with, rather than replaced, the existing populations.
The population in Orkney emerged as the most genetically distinct, with 25% of DNA coming from Norwegian ancestors. This shows clearly that the Norse Viking invasion (9th century) did not simply replace the indigenous Orkney population.
The Welsh appear more similar to the earliest settlers of Britain after the last ice age than do other people in the UK.
There is no obvious genetic signature of the Danish Vikings, who controlled large parts of England (“The Danelaw”) from the 9th century.
There is genetic evidence of the effect of the Landsker line – the boundary between English-speaking people in south-west Pembrokeshire (sometimes known as “Little England beyond Wales”) and the Welsh speakers in the rest of Wales, which persisted for almost a millennium."
DNA study shows Celts are not a unique genetic group - BBC News
http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-31905764
DNA Deciphers Roots of Modern Europeans - The New York Times
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/16/science/dna-deciphers-roots-of-modern-europeans.html?
BRITAIN ANGLO-SAXON GENETIC
2015, Nature FULL:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v519/n7543/full/nature14230.html
2015: http://www.heritagedaily.com/2015/03/first-fine-scale-genetic-map-british-isles/107039 2015: http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2015/03/18/4200057.htm
2015: http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2006/07/19/1690600.htm
2015: http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-31905764 2011: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/727/
2002: http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/19/7/1008.full
GENETICS ANGLO-SAXON BRITAIN
"The Anglo-Saxons, Germanic tribes who lived in present-day Germany, northern Holland and Denmark, invaded Britain in 450 AD after the fall of the Roman empire.
They conquered England but were unable to penetrate far into the Celtic fringes of what are now Wales and Scotland. They coincidentally prompted an exodus of Britons to what is now Brittany, France.
The population of England at that time was probably around two million while the number of Anglo-Saxons was minute: the lowest estimate puts the number of migrants at less than 10,000 some 200 years after the invasion, although others put it at more than 100,000."
http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2006/07/19/1690600.htm
2011: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/727/
and 2006, http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/727/1/17_-_Whence_came_the_English.pdf?DDD5+
Picts & Celts
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XQ9lvVCfyN8
Celtic Fort in Iron Age > .
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tXhx-0kXOcM
Who were the Picts - and Where did they Come From?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CeOcBRsiiG8
Burghead Pictish Fort > .
"Archaeologists aim to unravel the mystery of the Rhynie Man"
"When a farmer ploughing an Aberdeenshire field in 1978 uncovered a six-foot high Pictish stone carved with a distinctive figure carrying an axe, it quickly earned the name the 'Rhynie Man', coined from the village in which it was found.
But in the decades since its discovery, little more is known about the Pictish figure, who he was or why he was created. Now a team of archaeologists from the University of Aberdeen are leading a dig which they hope will yield answers to the mystery of Aberdeenshire’s ‘oldest man’.
Believed to date from the fifth or sixth century, the Rhynie Man carries an axe upon his shoulder, has a large pointed nose and wears a headdress"
http://www.abdn.ac.uk/geosciences/departments/archaeology/news/8083/
Latest GIS plan from Rhynie... fab site! https://twitter.com/northernpicts/status/844252550509592576
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEFMsUiiH112CoGiiRMLDjy6jIwqy0TSu
The Picts: Battle Tactics and Warfare
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wp1Bpk89zzM
Picts: History and Heritage
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0PUj8yYfzv4
Picts: Part 1- Symbols and Signs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-JWX46x66o
Picts: Part 2- Symbols and Statements
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zIqjT9ZFpto
The Recumbent Stone Circles of North East Scotland
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F2BT03V62Sc
Questions of Doom: Being Picky about the Picts!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qhGWB1W7qjA
BBC Coast - Burghead Pictish Fort
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YaTmEL3RwjI
"The Picts are a ‘lost people of Europe’ and a past society of enduring public fascination. First mentioned in late Roman writings as a collection of troublesome social groupings north of the Roman frontier, the Picts went on to dominate northern and eastern Scotland until late first millennium AD. The emergence of the Pictish kingdoms was part of broader change in northern Europe that laid the foundations for the modern nation states of Europe. The major legacies of the Picts include some of the most spectacular archaeological sites and artistic achievements of Early Medieval European society. However, all trace of the Picts disappeared from the written records in the 9th century AD, and only limited and contentious documentary sources survive."
http://www.abdn.ac.uk/geosciences/departments/archaeology/the-northern-picts-project-259.php
Pictish fort half-obliterated at Burghead
Pictish fort half-obliterated at Burghead
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YaTmEL3RwjI
"Archaeologists aim to unravel the mystery of the Rhynie Man"
"When a farmer ploughing an Aberdeenshire field in 1978 uncovered a six-foot high Pictish stone carved with a distinctive figure carrying an axe, it quickly earned the name the 'Rhynie Man', coined from the village in which it was found.
But in the decades since its discovery, little more is known about the Pictish figure, who he was or why he was created. Now a team of archaeologists from the University of Aberdeen are leading a dig which they hope will yield answers to the mystery of Aberdeenshire’s ‘oldest man’.
Believed to date from the fifth or sixth century, the Rhynie Man carries an axe upon his shoulder, has a large pointed nose and wears a headdress"
http://www.abdn.ac.uk/geosciences/departments/archaeology/news/8083/
Latest GIS plan from Rhynie... fab site! https://twitter.com/northernpicts/status/844252550509592576
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEFMsUiiH112CoGiiRMLDjy6jIwqy0TSu
The Picts: Battle Tactics and Warfare
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wp1Bpk89zzM
Picts: History and Heritage
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0PUj8yYfzv4
Picts: Part 1- Symbols and Signs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-JWX46x66o
Picts: Part 2- Symbols and Statements
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zIqjT9ZFpto
The Recumbent Stone Circles of North East Scotland
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F2BT03V62Sc
Questions of Doom: Being Picky about the Picts!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qhGWB1W7qjA
BBC Coast - Burghead Pictish Fort
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YaTmEL3RwjI
Picts
Wainwright argued that the Pictish inhabitants of Shetland and Orkney had been ‘overwhelmed by and submerged beneath the sheer weight of the Scandinavian settlement’. The Picts, he concluded, ‘were overwhelmed politically, linguistically, culturally and socially.
,,,,,,
Crawford didn’t succeed in persuading his audience, or, subsequently, his readers. Since the 1970s the ‘Peace’ School has become more and more voluble and successful. I regret this, because I go further than Crawford and Wainwright. I suspect that the Norse invaders of Orkney and Shetland didn’t just overwhelm’, or ‘submerge’ the native population: I think they killed them.
,,,,,,
Crawford didn’t succeed in persuading his audience, or, subsequently, his readers. Since the 1970s the ‘Peace’ School has become more and more voluble and successful. I regret this, because I go further than Crawford and Wainwright. I suspect that the Norse invaders of Orkney and Shetland didn’t just overwhelm’, or ‘submerge’ the native population: I think they killed them.
Yamnaya and European Migrations
Yamnaya and European Migrations ...
"DNA-analyses of skeletons excavated across large areas of Europe and Central Asia, thus enabling these crucial glimpses into the dynamics of the Bronze Age. In addition to the population movement insights, the data also held other surprises. For example, contrary to the research team’s expectations, the data revealed that lactose tolerance rose to high frequency in Europeans, in comparison to prior belief that it evolved earlier in time (5,000 – 7,000 years ago). "
http://geogenetics.ku.dk/latest-news/modern-european/
Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v522/n7555/full/nature14507.html?WT.ec_id=NATURE-20150611
Paleogenetics is helping to solve the great mystery of prehistory: how did humans spread out over the earth?
https://aeon.co/essays/what-can-paleogenetics-tell-us-about-our-earliest-ancestors
https://www.eupedia.com/europe/european_mtdna_haplogroups_frequency.shtml
https://www.eupedia.com/europe/Haplogroup_H_mtDNA.shtml
https://www.eupedia.com/europe/Haplogroup_J_mtDNA.shtml
https://www.eupedia.com/europe/Haplogroup_R1b_Y-DNA.shtml
Video:
https://aeon.co/videos/what-can-a-map-of-notable-births-and-deaths-reveal-about-the-spread-of-culture
"DNA-analyses of skeletons excavated across large areas of Europe and Central Asia, thus enabling these crucial glimpses into the dynamics of the Bronze Age. In addition to the population movement insights, the data also held other surprises. For example, contrary to the research team’s expectations, the data revealed that lactose tolerance rose to high frequency in Europeans, in comparison to prior belief that it evolved earlier in time (5,000 – 7,000 years ago). "
http://geogenetics.ku.dk/latest-news/modern-european/
Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v522/n7555/full/nature14507.html?WT.ec_id=NATURE-20150611
Paleogenetics is helping to solve the great mystery of prehistory: how did humans spread out over the earth?
https://aeon.co/essays/what-can-paleogenetics-tell-us-about-our-earliest-ancestors
https://www.eupedia.com/europe/european_mtdna_haplogroups_frequency.shtml
https://www.eupedia.com/europe/Haplogroup_H_mtDNA.shtml
https://www.eupedia.com/europe/Haplogroup_J_mtDNA.shtml
https://www.eupedia.com/europe/Haplogroup_R1b_Y-DNA.shtml
Video:
https://aeon.co/videos/what-can-a-map-of-notable-births-and-deaths-reveal-about-the-spread-of-culture
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