Medieval

Pythagorus, Euclid's Elements, Adelard of Bath

Pythagorus, Euclid's Elements
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nkvVR-sKJT
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vUWKMo5scKY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H74AayZkpXg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i5goUkT1irw
Michelson-Morley experiment disproved the aether's existence
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RJHi7xJV7QY
Arabic Science
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLtakTnKQQMCwysRncC2zcBqkaPRK6uE1x
The Weird Truth About Arabic Numerals
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ar7CNsJUm58
MathHistory: A course in the History of Mathematics - njwildberger
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL55C7C83781CF4316

Adelard of Bath When Adelard's influence on the study of philosophy is considered, it is clear that his ideas most notably manifested in the later works of Robert Grosseteste and Roger Bacon. While his work in natural philosophy is probably overshadowed by Aristotle, it still helped lay the foundations for much of the progress that was made in the later centuries. His work surrounding Euclid’s Elements, for example, was of great help in providing training that would help future scholars understand the relationships between demonstrative and geometrical proofs. While his original writings demonstrate that he had a sincere passion for the seven liberal arts (grammar, rhetoric, logic, mathematics, geometry, music, and astronomy), his work in Quaestiones naturales illustrated a more encompassing dedication to subjects such as physics, the natural sciences, and possibly even metaphysics. His influence is also evident in De philosophia mundi by William of Conches, Hugh of Saint Victor, and Isaac of Stella's Letters to Alcher on the Soul. He introduced algebra to the Latin world and his commentaries in Version III of Euclid's Elements were extremely influential in the 13th century.[15] Adelard also displays original thought of a scientific bent, raising the question of the shape of the Earth (he believed it round) and the question of how it remains stationary in space, and also the interesting question of how far a rock would fall if a hole were drilled through the Earth and a rock dropped through it, see center of gravity. Campanus of Novara probably had access to Adelard's translation of Elements, and it is Campanus' edition that was first published in Venice in 1482 after the invention of the printing press. It became the chief textbook of the mathematical schools of Western Europe until the 16th century.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelard_of_Bath
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_translations_of_the_12th_century
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_world_contributions_to_Medieval_Europe

Simon Sudbury, Archbishop of Canterbury

1381 - 100K Furious Medieval Peasants Revolted | Chronicle > .

The Peasants' Revolt - Chronicle >> .

Simon Sudbury, also called Simon Theobald of Sudbury and Simon of Sudbury, (c. 1316-14 June 1381) was Bishop of London from 1361 to 1375, Archbishop of Canterbury from 1375 until his death, and in the last year of his life Lord Chancellor of England.

The son of Nigel Theobald, Sudbury (so he is sometimes called Simon Theobald or Tybald.) was born at Sudbury in Suffolk, studied at the University of Paris, and became one of the chaplains of Pope Innocent VI, one of the Avignon popes, who in 1356 sent him on a mission to Edward III of England.

In 1361 Sudbury was made Chancellor of Salisbury and in October that year the pope provided him to be Bishop of London, Sudbury's consecration occurring on 20 March 1362. He was soon serving Edward III as an ambassador and in other ways. On 4 May 1375 he succeeded William Whittlesey as archbishop of Canterbury, and during the rest of his life was a partisan of John of Gaunt.

In July 1377, following the death of Edward III in June, Sudbury crowned the new king, Richard II at Westminster Abbey, and in 1378 John Wycliffe appeared before him at Lambeth, but he only undertook proceedings against the reformer under great pressure.

In January 1380, Sudbury became Lord Chancellor of England, and the insurgent peasants regarded him as one of the principal authors of their woes. Having released John Ball from his prison at Maidstone, the Kentish insurgents attacked and damaged the archbishop's property at Canterbury and Lambeth; then, rushing into the Tower of London, they seized the archbishop himself. So unpopular was Sudbury with the rebellious peasants that guards simply allowed the rebels through the gates, the reason being his role in introducing the third poll tax.

Sudbury was dragged to Tower Hill and, on 14 June 1381, was beheaded after eight blows to his nec*k. His *body was afterwards buried in Canterbury Cathedral, though his head (after being taken down from London Bridge) is still kept at the church of St Gregory at Sudbury in Suffolk, which Sudbury had partly rebuilt. With his brother, John of Chertsey, he also founded a college in Sudbury; he also did some building at Canterbury.

In March 2011 a CT scan of Sudbury's mummified skull was performed at the West Suffolk Hospital to make a facial reconstruction, which was completed in September 2011 by forensics expert Adrienne Barker at the University of Dundee.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Sudbury
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Chancellor#History
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Chancellor#History

Prison of Archbishop of Canterbury in The Peasants' Revolt Of 1381
https://youtu.be/4kq9sbtFCR8?t=29m10s
Peasants descend on Canterbury in The Peasants' Revolt Of 1381
https://youtu.be/4kq9sbtFCR8?t=31m41s
Execution in The Peasants' Revolt Of 1381
https://youtu.be/mNu7YWay4E4?t=20m30s
Sudbury, Suffolk, Sudbury's head
https://youtu.be/mNu7YWay4E4?t=43m27s

Beheaded cleric's face revealed

Adam Smith, 1723-90

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ruiUOQERnw

Although Keynesian Nobel laureate Paul Krugman praised Friedman as a "great economist and a great man" after Friedman's death in 2006, and acknowledged his many, widely accepted contributions to empirical economics, Krugman had been, and remains, a prominent critic of Friedman. Krugman has written that "he slipped all too easily into claiming both that markets always work and that only markets work. It's extremely hard to find cases in which Friedman acknowledged the possibility that markets could go wrong, or that government intervention could serve a useful purpose."

In her book The Shock Doctrine, author and social activist Naomi Klein criticized Friedman's economic liberalism, identifying it with the principles that guided the economic restructuring that followed the military coups in countries such as Chile and Argentina. Based on their assessments of the extent to which what she describes as neoliberal policies contributed to income disparities and inequality, both Klein and Noam Chomsky have suggested that the primary role of what they describe as neoliberalism was as an ideological cover for capital accumulation by multinational corporations.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milton_Friedman