Medieval

Wales

Hywel Dda ..
https://mittelzeit.blogspot.com/2019/03/hywel-dda.html

Blorenge or sometimes The Blorenge is a prominent hill overlooking the valley of the River Usk in Monmouthshire, southeast Wales. [South of Abergavenny] It is situated in the southeastern corner of the Brecon Beacons National Park. The summit plateau reaches a height of 1,841 feet (561 m).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blorenge
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abergavenny
https://www.google.com/maps/place//@51.8214782,-3.0510396,12.5z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0!5m1!1e4?hl=en

Abergavenny Castle
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xK8-86FBX50

Harlech Castle, Wales ..

Ysgyryd Fawr (English: Skirrid Fawr) is an easterly outlier of the Black Mountains in Wales, and forms the easternmost part of the Brecon Beacons National Park. The mountain is often referred to locally as just The Skirrid. The smaller hill of Ysgyryd Fach or 'Little Skirrid' (270m) lies about 4.5 km / 2.5 mi to the south.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TbOtJ3SAYk0

It is 486 m or 1594 feet high and lies just to the north-east of Abergavenny, Monmouthshire, about 10 miles from the English border. The Beacons Way passes along the ridge.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ysgyryd_Fawr

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buellt

http://www.anglo-saxons.net/hwaet/?do=show&page=Maps

Buellt - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales_in_the_Early_Middle_Ages #pWls

http://www.anglo-saxons.net/hwaet/?do=show&page=Maps

Wales in the Early Middle Ages - Wikipedia

Wales

. playlist .

Wales - Medieval

Deheubarth, Hywel Dda's principality | Morgannwg (Glywysing & Gwent)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hywel_Dda

Coelwulf II of West Mercia versus Rhodri Mawr (Aberffraw) in 878 | Ingimundr versus Anarawd ap Rhodri in 902: King of Gwynedd (878-916)

Rhodri ap Merfyn
https://youtu.be/fbog7SIYsI8?t=12m22s
Rhodri ap Merfyn (c. 820–878), later known as Rhodri the Great (Welsh: Rhodri Mawr), succeeded his father, Merfyn Frych, as King of Gwynedd in 844. Rhodri annexed Powys c. 856 and Seisyllwg c. 871. He is called "King of the Britons" by the Annals of Ulster. In some later histories, he is referred to as "King of Wales", although the title is anachronistic and his realm did not include southern Wales.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodri_the_Great
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodri_the_Great#/media/File:Wales_844-78_(Rhodri_the_Great).svg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merfyn_Frych
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angharad_ferch_Meurig
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarawd_ap_Rhodri

1066 Cas-gwent Chepstow
https://youtu.be/fbog7SIYsI8?t=25m5s

https://youtu.be/fbog7SIYsI8?t=29m33s

Rhys ap Gruffydd or ap Gruffudd (often anglicised to "Griffith") (1132 – 28 April 1197) was the ruler of the kingdom of Deheubarth in south Wales from 1155 to 1197. Today, he is commonly known as The Lord Rhys, in Welsh Yr Arglwydd Rhys, although this title may have not been used in his lifetime. He usually used the title "Proprietary Prince of Deheubarth" or "Prince of South Wales", but two documents have been discovered in which he uses the title "Prince of Wales" or "Prince of the Welsh". Rhys was one of the most successful and powerful Welsh princes, and, after the death of Owain Gwynedd of Gwynedd in 1170, the dominant power in Wales.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhys_ap_Gruffydd

https://youtu.be/fbog7SIYsI8?t=32m07s
Strata Florida

https://youtu.be/fbog7SIYsI8?t=39m17s

Llywelyn ap Gruffudd (c. 1223 – 11 December 1282), sometimes written as Llywelyn ap Gruffydd, also known as Llywelyn the Last, or, in Welsh, Llywelyn Ein Llyw Olaf ("Llywelyn, Our Last Leader"), was Prince of Wales (Latin: Princeps Wallie; Welsh: Tywysog Cymru) from 1258 until his death at Cilmeri in 1282. The son of Gruffudd ap Llywelyn Fawr and grandson of Llywelyn the Great, he was the last sovereign prince of Wales before its conquest by Edward I of England.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llywelyn_ap_Gruffudd
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conquest_of_Wales_by_Edward_I_of_England

Gwenllian of Wales or Gwenllian ferch Llywelyn
https://youtu.be/fbog7SIYsI8?t=49m46s

1349 - Great Pestilence - Black Death
https://youtu.be/fbog7SIYsI8?t=50m41s

1400 - Owain Glyndŵr
Owain Glyndŵr (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈoʊain ɡlɨ̞nˈduːr]; c. 1359 – c. 1415), or Owain Glyn Dŵr, was a Welsh ruler and the last native Welshman to hold the title Prince of Wales (Tywysog Cymru) but to many, viewed as an unofficial king. He instigated a fierce and long-running but ultimately unsuccessful revolt against the English rule of Wales.

*Story of Wales
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kETdr5KC7dw&list=PL8J9R3IV5p9K4tS6lTQ0fxXX6QyBsBf0t

http://www.anglo-saxons.net/hwaet/?do=show&page=Maps
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Hywel Dda - Wikipedia

Warwickshire, Kenilworth

Warwickshire Avon

Tewkesbury to Comberton Quay
King John's Bridge near Tewkesbury - 1190 ...
https://youtu.be/7Fre7Zm2LOo?t=19s

River Avon from Comberton Quay to Offenham (Pershore)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m-ySAMp5Luc
medieval bridge -- 14th century, Great Bridge
https://youtu.be/m-ySAMp5Luc?t=1m43s
half-timbered house
https://youtu.be/m-ySAMp5Luc?t=5m33s
Evesham
https://youtu.be/m-ySAMp5Luc?t=9m44s

Weald Ironworkers

High Weald, Chalk Downs, Woodland - anth >> .

Ancient Woodland, Downs & Weald - Ben Silver
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYZbCEPmWCtNv6H8OO5ZmJE_0zJlmOVWC
Chalk - agriculture, aquifer, flint, weald, wildlife, woodland - Rex Green
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL7AN2nv0DZjYzhTa5Lq7gL8QeJ0-nrGBZ
Forests, Woodsmen, Hunters, Miners, Ironworkers
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL745-VcJ1xdWc4CiWxovU2RNTVn4FvsOT
Early Agricultural Strategies - BBC Farm Series - Tree Identification
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9eARwl3qbFC39ER2wBJADyZaZkksraVP

The Weald
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fMkzKZoQQ84
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8hLncowgu5Y

The High Weald story - highwealdAONB
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLz3O9wIfoaOXvRsPcbHgtm01xMRXguYHg
Woodland Archaeology - highwealdAONB
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLz3O9wIfoaOVeWMzMKTGys0VHngFxBgjv
High Weald Characters - highwealdAONB
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLz3O9wIfoaOU-k2jGEFozjuW77FIHWffc
Ashdown Forest - highwealdAONB
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLz3O9wIfoaOUdZbCxUc6O_Y5RB1Xh1_lD
Historic farmsteads - highwealdAONB
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLz3O9wIfoaOXZ9XMwO4zgDeuvJ9k3HWTh

Artisans, Crafts, Merchants - Iron industry of the High Weald
https://plus.google.com/+SuttonHoo/posts/KiJ3q86u9Uj

Forests, Woodsmen, Hunters
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL745-VcJ1xdWc4CiWxovU2RNTVn4FvsOT
Weald, ironworkers #qFej #qtmbr #qfuel #qclay #pwwat #pwrfuel

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fMkzKZoQQ84

Forests, Woodsmen, Hunters
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL745-VcJ1xdWc4CiWxovU2RNTVn4FvsOT

Worcester Cathedral

Worcester Cathedral has been described as possibly the most interesting of all England’s cathedral’s, especially architecturally. It was founded it in 680. Saint Oswald then built another cathedral in 983, and established a monastery attached to it. Saint Wulfstan, who rebuilt the cathedral in 1084, began the present building. During Anglo-Saxon times, Worcester was one of the most important monastic cathedrals in the country. It was a centre of great learning, which continued into the later middle ages, when Worcester’s Benedictine monks went to university to study a variety of subjects, such as theology, medicine, law, history, mathematics, physics, and astronomy. Some of these medieval university textbooks still survive in the cathedral library today.

The monastery continued until 1540 when Henry VIII dissolved it, and some of the last monks became the first Dean and Chapter. The cathedral was badly damaged in the civil wars, and as a consequence a major programme of rebuilding was required after the Restoration of Charles II. From the late seventeenth until the nineteenth centuries there were several campaigns to restore parts of the cathedral, but the Victorians from 1864-75 carried out the largest of these.

Worcester Cathedral embodies many features that are highly typical of an English medieval cathedral. Like the cathedrals of Salisbury and Lincoln, it has two transepts crossing the nave, rather than the single transept usual on the Continent. This feature of English Cathedrals was to facilitate the private saying of the Holy Office by many clergy or monks. Worcester is also typical of English cathedrals in having a chapter house and cloister. To the north side of the cathedral is an entrance porch, a feature designed to eliminate the draft which, prior to the installation of modern swing doors, would blow through cathedrals whenever the western doors were open.

Worcester Cathedral has important parts of the building dating from every century from the 11th to the 16th. Its tower in the Perpendicular style is described by Alec Clifton-Taylor as "exquisite"[1] and is seen best across the River Severn.
The earliest part of the building at Worcester is the multi-columned Norman crypt with cushion capitals remaining from the original monastic church begun by St Wulfstan in 1084. Also from the Norman period is the circular chapter house of 1120, made octagonal on the outside when the walls were reinforced in the 14th century. The nave was built and rebuilt piecemeal and in different styles by several different architects over a period of 200 years, from 1170 to 1374, some bays being a unique and decorative transition between Norman and Gothic. The oldest parts show alternate layers of green sandstone from Highley in Shropshire and yellow Cotswold limestone.

The east end was rebuilt over the Norman crypt by Alexander Mason between 1224 and 1269, coinciding with, and in a very similar Early English style to Salisbury Cathedral. From 1360 John Clyve finished off the nave, built its vault, the west front, the north porch and the eastern range of the cloister. He also strengthened the Norman chapter house, added buttresses and changed its vault. His masterpiece is the central tower of 1374, originally supporting a timber, lead-covered spire, now gone. Between 1404 and 1432 an unknown architect added the north and south ranges to the cloister, which was eventually closed by the western range by John Chapman, 1435–38. The last important addition is Prince Arthur’s Chantry Chapel to the right of the south choir aisle, 1502–04.

History Time Line

680 Diocese founded, and Bosel consecrated as first bishop. First Cathedral dedicated to St. Peter

983 Oswald founded a Benedictine monastry with a church dedicated to St. Mary which superseded St. Peter's as the Cathedral of Worcester

1062 Wulfstan, Prior of Worcester appointed bishop

1084 Present Cathedral commenced by Bishop Wulfstan, beginning with the crypt

1089 Crypt, and that part of the Cathedral above it, completed

1170 c Two Western bays of the nave rebuilt in Transitional Style

1175 Central Tower collapsed

1203 Canonisation of Wulfstan. His shrine became a place of pilgrimage.

1216 King John buried in Cathedral

1218 Restoration of the Cathedral almost complete. Service of Rededication held in presence of Henry III

1224 Construction of the Lady Chapel begun in Early English Style

1317 Rebuilding of the Nave commenced under Bishop Cobham

1374 Present Tower completed

1386 Magnificent north porch built

Worcester & Stourbridge

Severn - Worcester, Tewkesbury
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEvs65HiDQ0

RiS - River Severn, Worcester, Malvern Hills ..

Worcestershire

Worcester (Worcestershire, England, UK) > .
Historical description of Worcestershire, England

Worcestershire or Worcester, an inland county bounded on the NW by Salop, on the N by Staffordshire, on the E by Warwickshire, on the S by Gloucestershire, and on the W by Herefordshire. Its outline is very irregularly quadrangular. Its boundaries are mostly artificial. Its greatest length from N to S is about 34 miles; its greatest breadth is about 30 miles, its circuit is about 220 miles; and its area is 480,560 acres. The surface exhibits fine diversity of valley and hill, well watered and richly wooded, abounds everywhere with soft pleasing scenery, and includes many vantage-grounds, particularly the Malvern Hills on the SW boundary, commanding extensive delightful views. The chief rivers are the Severn, the Avon, the Stour, and the Teme. Igneous and upper Silurian rocks occupy small tracts in the W and SW, carboniferous rocks, including coal and ironstone, form a considerable tract in the NW around Bewdley, and trias rocks, variously new red sandstone, Bunter sandstone, and keuper marl, form nearly all the rest of the county. Quartz occurs in the Malvem and Lickey Hills, granite, syenite, and greenstone in the Malverns, limestone among the Silurian rocks, basalt in the Cawney and the Tansley Hills, rock salt at Stoke Prior, brine springs at Stoke Prior and Droitwich, and medicinal springs at Malvern, Evesham, Flyford Flavel, and Kidderminster.

Strong clay is the prevailing soil, a rich loamy sand abounds in the N, light sand and peat earth are in some parts of the E, and a rich alluvium is in some parts of the valley of the Severn and its tributary streams. Wheat, barley, beans, potatoes, and hops are the principal crops. Market-gardening is largely carried on, and apples and pears for the production of cider and perry, are extensively cultivated. Various breeds of cattle are fattened, sheep of the Leicester, Cotswold, Malvern, and other breeds are numerous, and hogs are kept for bacon.

The mineral wealth of the county is in coal, iron, and salt. The collieries, iron mines, and iron works are chiefly situated at Dudley. Chain cables are made at Cradley and Netherton, agricultural implements at Worcester, nails at Bromsgrove and Halesowen, needles and fish-hooks at Redditch. Salt is extensively produced at Droitwich. Kidderminster is an important seat of the carpet manufacture; Worcester is renowned for the manufacture of fine porcelain and glass; and fire-bricks are largely made at Stourbridge. The manufacture of gloves is an old established industry at Worcester. Among the miscellaneous industries of the county are alkali, vitriol, and vinegar works, paper-mills, mailings, breweries, crate-works, tanyards, and manufactories of combs, buttons, lanterns, woollen and worsted goods, &c.

The territory now forming Worcestershire was inhabited by the ancient British Cornavii, Dobuni, and Silures, was divided by the Romans between their Flavia Cæsariensis and their Britannia Secunda, formed most of the commonwealth of Hwiccas, was afterwards all incorporated with Mercia, went as an earldom after the Norman Conquest to the D'Abitots, the Beauchamps, and others, and was the scene of the great battles of Evesham and Worcester. It is traversed by Ryknield Street and the Upper Salt Way, had Roman settlements at Upton and Worcester, and retains ancient British barrows on Clent Heath, Roman camps at three places, a Danish camp at Conderton, and ruined mediaeval castles at four places. About twenty-eight monastic establishments were in it, and remains of five of them still exist. Worcester Cathedral and about eighteen parish churches show interesting features of ancient architecture.

http://ukga.org/england/Worcestershire/gazetteer.html

http://www.buildingstones.org.uk/resources/

Historical description of Worcestershire, England

Worcester & Stourbridge

Historical description of Worcestershire, England
http://ukga.org/images/maps/Worcestershire.jpg
http://ukga.org/england/Worcestershire/gazetteer.html

Severn - Worcester, Tewkesbury
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEvs65HiDQ0

Stourbridge
http://www.oldstourbridgemaps.kjdocs.co.uk/

Worcester
https://worcestercathedrallibrary.wordpress.com/

John Speed's Map of Worcester [1610]
http://www.midlandspubs.co.uk/images/worcestershire/Worcester-1610-Map.jpg

Stourbridge
http://www.oldstourbridgemaps.kjdocs.co.uk/ .

Pages

Wales

Wales

Wales - Medieval

Warwickshire, Kenilworth

Weald Ironworkers

Worcester Cathedral

Worcester & Stourbridge