Vatman

Vatman, coucher, layer at work in papermaking

Papermaking: The vatman (on left in image) determined the proper consistency of the diluted stock (fragmented linen rag) in the vat. Into the pulp suspension, he dipped the mould—a rectangular wooden frame covered with a woven brass-wire surface and fitted with an open wooden frame called a deckle. 

After dipping, the vatman lifted the pulp-filled assembly to the surface, and shook it gently (promener) to distribute the pulp evenly and bind the fibers (serrer) as water drained through the mesh.

When the layer of pulp had coalesced on the surface of the mould, the vatman removed the deckle and passed the mould to the coucher (back turned in image). Next, he fit the deckle into an empty mould and repeated the dip, lift, shake action.

Comprehensive online article on European papermaking techniques from 1300 to 1800.

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Wadmol . Whittawer .

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Wadmol

wadmol ~ rough woolen fabric once used in Scandinavia and parts of northern Britain to make warm or protective clothing [fabric glossary]

Whittawer

Whittawer, Tawer, Tawyer - a craftsman who used minerals to cure skins by producing rawhide.

In tawing, the hide was soaked in an aqueous solution containing potash alum and salt. Sometimes egg yolk and flour were added to improve the product. Strictly speaking, not having been tanned, a tawed skin is not leather, and is putrescible when wet.

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